Английская Википедия:Demolition of monuments to Vladimir Lenin in Ukraine

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Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Expand Ukrainian Шаблон:Expand Russian Шаблон:Multiple image The demolition of monuments to Vladimir Lenin in Ukraine started during the fall of the Soviet Union and continued to a small extent throughout the 1990s, mostly in some western Ukrainian towns, though by 2013 most Lenin statues in Ukraine remained standing. During Euromaidan in 2013–2014, the destruction of statues of Lenin become a widespread phenomenon and became popularly known in Ukraine as Leninopad (Ukrainian: Ленінопад, Russian: Ленинопад), a pun literally translated as "Leninfall", with the coinage of "-пад" being akin to English words suffixed with "fall" as in "waterfall", "snowfall", etc.

History

Файл:Destroying of Lenin on the Independence square, Kiev.jpg

The "Monument of the Great October Revolution" was dismantled in 1991 after the collapse of the Soviet Union and Ukraine re-gaining independence.

The demolition of Lenin monuments in Ukraine happened in four stages. During the 1990s, more than 2,000 Lenin monuments were demolished in western part of Ukraine, at the turn of the 1990–2000s more than 600 Lenin monuments were removed in western and central areas, in 2005–2008, more than 600 were demolished mainly in central areas, and in 2013–2014, 552 monuments were demolished.

The first wave of demolitions of Lenin monuments happened in Western Ukraine in 1990–1991. On 1 August 1990, in Chervonohrad a Lenin monument was demolished for the first time in the USSR. Under popular pressure the monument was dismantled, formally with the purpose of moving elsewhere. That same year, Lenin monuments were dismantled in Ternopil, Kolomyia, Nadvirna, Borislav, Drohobych, Lviv and other cities of Galicia.

In 1991, Ukraine had 5,500 Lenin monuments. In November 2015, approximately 1,300 Lenin monuments were still standing. More than 700 Lenin monuments were removed and/or destroyed between February 2014 and December 2015.

On 9 April 2015, the Ukrainian parliament passed legislation on decommunization. On 15 May 2015, President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko signed this bill into law that started a six-month period for the removal of communist monuments (excluding World War II monuments) and the mandatory renaming of settlements with names related to Communism. On 16 January 2017, the Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance announced that 1,320 Lenin monuments were dismantled during decommunization.

A website "Raining Lenins" tracks the statistics of the fall of Lenin statues in Ukraine.

On 17 March 2016, the largest Lenin monument at the unoccupied territory of Ukraine, 19.8 meters high, was dismantled in Zaporizhzhia. In between the annexation of the Crimean Peninsula by the Russian Federation and 28 September 2014, the largest Lenin monument at the unoccupied territory was standing in Kharkiv (20.2 m high). This statue of Lenin in Kharkiv was toppled and destroyed on 28 September 2014.

During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, many of these statues of Lenin, which had been taken down by Ukrainian activists, were re-erected by Russian occupiers in Russian-controlled areas.

Motivation

The start of the "Leninopad" in its mass was laid by the demolition of the Lenin monument in Kyiv on the Bessarabian Square. The event took place on 8 December 2013 at around 6:00 pm. Even more people began to massively destroy monuments of the Soviet past after reports about the Euromaidan activists who died during the protests in Kyiv.

In January 2015, the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine announced that it would encourage all public initiatives related to cleaning Ukraine of monuments to figures of the communist past. According to Minister Vyacheslav Kyrylenko, his department will initiate the removal from the State Register of Immovable Monuments of Ukraine of all monuments related to communist figures listed there. "The state will not oppose, but on the contrary, will in every possible way support all public initiatives that will fight for the cleansing of Ukraine from these relics of the totalitarian past," the minister emphasized.

In April 2015, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine voted in favor of the draft law "On the condemnation of the communist and national socialist (Nazi) totalitarian regimes in Ukraine and the prohibition of propaganda of their symbols", which, in particular, will oblige local authorities to dismantle monuments to communist figures on the territory of Ukraine.

Communist monuments toppled during Euromaidan

Файл:Площа, пам. Леніну 22 лютого.jpg

Lenin Square in Dnipropetrovsk on 22 February 2014 with the demolished monuments to Vladimir Lenin.

Euromaidan protesters toppled several statues of Vladimir Lenin in Ukrainian cities. Some estimates said that more than 90 statues were toppled. In December 2015, The Ukrainian Week calculated that 376 Lenin monuments were removed or destroyed in February 2014.

This is a partial list:

Landmark	Location	Date	Status	Notes	Image
Statue of Lenin	Andriievo-Ivanove	3 January 2014	Broken in two	Police launched an investigation based on a Criminal Code article entitled "Destruction of, or Damage to, Monuments of History or Culture".
Statue of Lenin	Berdychiv	22 February 2014	Toppled and destroyed		Statue of Lenin in Berdychiv in 2013.
Statue of Lenin	Bila Tserkva	2014	Toppled and destroyed		Statue of Lenin in Bila Tserkva in 2009.
Statue of Lenin	Chernihiv	21 February 2014	Toppled		"Lenin has laid down"
Statue of Lenin	Chervona Sloboda	8 July 2014	Toppled	According to the Ukrainian Communist Party "a criminal case has been opened over the act of vandalism".
Statue of Lenin	Kharkiv	28 September 2014	Toppled and destroyed		The destruction of the Kharkiv Lenin statue on 28 September 2014
Statue of Lenin	Kherson	7 February 2013	Destroyed
Statue of Lenin	Khmelnytskyi	21 February 2014	Toppled		Toppling of the statue of Lenin in Khmelnitsky, 21 February 2014.
Statue of Lenin	Korosten	5 October 2014	Toppled		Empty plinth
Statue of Lenin	Kyiv	8 December 2013	Toppled and destroyed		Toppled Lenin statue being broken into pieces for souvenirs
Statue of Lenin	Melitopol	5 July 2015	Dismantled by the City Council		An empty pedestal of a Lenin statue
Statue of Lenin	Novomoskovsk	2 August 2015	Toppled
Statue of Lenin	"Pressmash" Factory, Odesa	23 October 2015	Transformed into a statue of Darth Vader
Statue of Lenin	Podilsk	8 December 2013	Broken into several pieces
Statue of Lenin	Pryluky		Dismantled		Файл:Демонтаж 2.jpg
Bust of Lenin	Sievierodonetsk	1 October 2014	Set on fire and dismantled
Statue of Lenin	Stanytsia Luhanska	16 April 2015	Toppled		Файл:Lenin Stanytsia.jpg
Statue of Lenin	Velyki Sorochyntsi		Dismantled		Файл:Leninopad inVelyki Sorochyntsi.jpg
Statue of Lenin	Zaporizhzhia	17 March 2016	Dismantled
Statue of Lenin	Zhytomyr	21 February 2014	Toppled and destroyed

Reactions

The removal of the monuments evoked mixed feelings among the Ukrainian population. In some cases, like in Kharkiv in early 2014, pro-Russian Ukrainian crowds protected the monuments, including members of the communist and socialist parties, as well as veterans of World War II and the Afghan wars. The Statue of Lenin in Kharkiv was toppled on 28 September 2014. Late October 2014, then Kharkiv Governor Ihor Baluta admitted that he thought that the majority of Kharkiv residents had not wanted the statue removed, but said "there was hardly any protest afterward either, which is quite telling".

In January 2015, the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine announced that it would encourage any public initiatives related to the cleansing of Ukraine from monuments to figures of the totalitarian communist past.

See also

• List of statues of Vladimir Lenin
• List of communist monuments in Ukraine
• Decommunization in Ukraine
• Derussification in Ukraine
• Lustration in Ukraine
• Demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine
• Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials

External links

• Map and lists of damaged monuments
• Raining Lenins Шаблон:Webarchive

Bibliography

• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book