Английская Википедия:Demons in Mandaeism
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Mandaeism
In Mandaeism, various beings inhabit the World of Darkness.
Types
According to the Right Ginza, the World of Darkness consists of many demons, dewis, and evil spirits, including:[1]
The Right Ginza describes them as: Шаблон:Columns-list
Demons in the Ginza Rabba
Main demons
Other than Ur, Ruha and her entourage of the 7 planets and 12 constellations, some infernal beings mentioned in the Ginza Rabba are:[2][3]
- Anathan (Anatan) – husband of Qin; described as a "warrior" and "war-like" in Book 5, Chapter 1 of the Right Ginza
- Gaf and Gafan (Gap and Gapan)
- Giu (Giuo)
- Hag and Mag (Hagh and Magh) – a male and female pair of demons, respectively
- Krun (Karun)
- Qin – queen of darkness, mother of Ruha, grandmother of Ur; one of her epithets is Sumqaq
- Shdum (Šdum; Ashdum, Ašdum) – a ruler of the underworld
- Zahreil (Zahrʿil) – daughter of Qin and wife of Hibil Ziwa
- Zartai-Zartanai
Minor demons
Other demons mentioned in the Ginza Rabba are:[3]
- Aṭirpan (Aṭarpan), literally "foliage," mentioned with Lupan in Book 3 of the Right Ginza
- Lupan, mentioned with Aṭirpan in Book 3 of the Right Ginza
- Himun, described as a "man" in Book 5, Chapter 2 and Book 6 of the Right Ginza; one of the matarta guards
- Karipiun (Karafiun), described as a "devourer" in Book 5, Chapter 3 of the Right Ginza
- Karkum, described as a son of Ur in Book 4 of the Right Ginza
- Shiqlun (Šiqlun), mentioned in Book 15, Chapter 6 of the Right Ginza
- Zamur, described as an "evil spirit" in Book 8 of the Right Ginza
Demons mentioned in the Diwan Abatur who often accompany Ur and Shdum include:[4]
- Baz
- Miṭiaiel
- Gargiel
- Šahra
- Nufsai
- El-Sfar the Small
- Ṭabadaga
- Zuṭ
- Gaṣiaiel
- Ṭarfan
- Zamriel
- Qardum
- Simiaiil
Right Ginza 5.1
In Book 5, Chapter 1 of the Right Ginza (also known as the "Book of the Underworld"), Hibil Ziwa descends the worlds of the "kings" and "giants of darkness" in the following order:[3]
- Zartai-Zartanai and his wife Amamit (an epithet of Libat, or Venus)
- Hag and Mag, the two manas of darkness
- Gap and Gapan, the mighty giants of darkness
- Anatan and Qin
- Šdum (Ašdum), king of darkness
- Giu
- Krun, King of Darkness, great mountain of flesh (Шаблон:Transl)
Pillars of Jerusalem
In Book 15, Chapter 11 of the Right Ginza, the pillars of Jerusalem are named as:
Some of these names are also associated with beings in the World of Darkness, such as Karkum and Adunai (another name for Šamiš or the Sun).[3]
Five Lords
Mandaeans also consider the "Five Lords of the World of Darkness" to be:[5]
- Zartai-Zartanai
- Hag and Mag
- Gap and Gapan
- Šdum
- Krun
The paired demons are considered to rule together as single lords, since Mag and Gapan are female consorts who are always with their male consorts Hag and Gap, respectively.[5]
Skandola demons
Krun, Hag, and Ur are depicted on the skandola, a ritual talismanic seal used by Mandaeans to protect against evil.[5]
See also
- Incantation bowl
- Mandaic lead rolls
- List of Mandaic manuscripts
- Mesopotamian demons
- Demons in Judaism
- Christian demonology
References
