Английская Википедия:Departments of Colombia
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:More footnotes
Шаблон:Infobox subdivision type
Colombia is a unitary republic made up of thirty-two departments (Spanish: departamentos, sing. Шаблон:Lang) and a Capital District (Distrito Capital).[1] Each department has a governor (gobernador) and an Assembly (Asamblea Departamental), elected by popular vote for a four-year period. The governor cannot be re-elected in consecutive periods. Departments are country subdivisions and are granted a certain degree of autonomy.
Departments are formed by a grouping of municipalities (municipios, sing. municipio). Municipal government is headed by mayor (alcalde) and administered by a municipal council (concejo municipal), both of which are elected by popular vote for four-year periods.
Some departments have subdivisions above the level of municipalities, commonly known as provinces.
Chart of departments
Each one of the departments of Colombia in the map below links to a corresponding article. Current governors serving four-year terms from 2024 to 2027 are also shown, along with their respective political party or coalition.[2]
Indigenous territories
Шаблон:Main article The indigenous territories are at the third level of administrative division in Colombia, as are the municipalities. Indigenous territories are created by agreement between the government and indigenous communities. In cases where indigenous territories cover more than one department or municipality, local governments jointly administer them with the indigenous councils, as set out in Articles 329 and 330 of the Colombian Constitution of 1991. Also indigenous territories may achieve local autonomy if they meet the requirements of the law.
Article 329 of the 1991 constitution recognizes the collective indigenous ownership of indigenous territories and repeats that are inalienable. Law 160 of 1994 created the National System of Agrarian Reform and Rural Development Campesino, and replaced Law 135 of 1961 on Agrarian Social Reform; it establishes and sets out the functions of INCORA, one of the most important being to declare which territories will acquire the status of indigenous protection and what extension of existing ones will be allowed. Decree 2164 of 1995 interprets Law 160 of 1994, providing, among other things, a legal definition of indigenous territories.[4]
Indigenous territories in Colombia are mostly in the departments of Amazonas, Cauca, La Guajira, Guaviare, and Vaupés.[1]
History
Historical predecessors of current departments
| Evolution of Colombian Departments | |||||
| Current name and flag | Established as a department | First established under the following name | Establishment of earliest territorial predecessor | Sovereign State that established the earliest territorial predecessor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Flag | 1991 | Intendancy of Amazonas | 1931 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1886 | Province of Antioquia | 1576 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1991 | Commissary of Arauca | 1911 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1910 | Province of Sabanilla | 1852 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1861 | Federal District of Bogotá | 1861 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1886 | Province of Cartagena | 1533 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1824 | Province of Tunja | 1539 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1908 | Department of Caldas | 1908 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1981 | Intendancy of Caquetá | 1905 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1991 | Province of Casanare | 1660 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1824 | Province of Popayán | 1537 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1967 | Department of Cesar | 1967 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1947 | Province of Chocó | 1726 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1951 | Department of Córdoba | 1951 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1824 | Province of Santafé de Bogotá | 1550 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1991 | Commissary of Guainía | 1963 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1991 | Commissary of Guaviare | 1977 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1910 | Province of Neiva | 1610 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1965 | Provincia de Riohacha | 1789 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1824 | Province of Santa Marta | 1533 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1959 | Intendancy of Meta | 1905 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1910 | Province of Pasto | 1823 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1910 | Province of Pamplona | 1555 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1991 | Commissary of Putumayo | 1912 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1966 | Department of Quindío | 1966 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1966 | Department of Risaralda | 1966 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1991 | Providence Island Colony | 1630 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1886 | Province of Socorro | 1795 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1966 | Department of Sucre | 1966 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1886 | Province of Mariquita | 1550 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1910 | Province of Cauca | 1835 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1991 | Commissary of Vaupés | 1910 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flag | 1991 | Commissary of Vichada | 1913 | Шаблон:Flag |
Former departments of Colombia
| Name | Capital | Established as a department on | Ceased to exist in | Today part of |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:Flagicon Venezuela | Caracas | 1820 | 1830 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flagicon Ecuador | Quito | 1820 | 1830 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flagicon Spanish Haiti | Santo Domingo | 1821 | 1822 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flagicon Florida | Fernandina | 1817 | 1817 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flagicon Orinoco | Cumaná | 1824 | 1830 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flagicon Zulia | Maracaibo | 1824 | 1830 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flagicon Apure | Barinas | 1824 | 1830 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flagicon Azuay | Cuenca | 1824 | 1830 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flagicon Guayaquil | Guayaquil | 1824 | 1830 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flagicon Isthmus | Panamá | 1824 | 1830 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flagicon Panamá | Panamá | 1886 | 1903 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flagicon Galán | San Gil | 1905 | 1908 | Шаблон:Flag |
| Шаблон:Flagicon Quesada | Zipaquirá | 1905 | 1908 | Шаблон:Flag |
The Republic of Gran Colombia
Шаблон:Main article When it was first established in 1819, The Republic of Gran Colombia had three departments. Venezuela, Cundinamarca (now Colombia) and Quito (now Ecuador).[5] In 1824, the Distrito del Centro (which became Colombia) was divided into five departments and further divided into seventeen provinces. One department, Istmo Department, consisting of two provinces, later became Panama.[6]
Republic of New Granada
Шаблон:Main article With the dissolution of Gran Colombia in 1826 by the Revolution of the Morrocoyes (La Cosiata), New Granada kept its 17 provinces. In 1832 the provinces of Vélez and Barbacoas were created, and in 1835 those of Buenaventura and Pasto were added. In 1843 those of Cauca, Mompós and Túquerres were created. At this time the cantons (cantones) and parish districts were created, which provided the basis for the present-day municipalities.[6][7]
By 1853 the number of provinces had increased to thirty-six, namely:Antioquia, Azuero, Barbacoas, Bogotá, Buenaventura, Cartagena, Casanare, Cauca, Chiriquí, Chocó, Córdova, Cundinamarca, García Rovira, Mariquita, Medellín, Mompós, Neiva, Ocaña, Pamplona, Panamá, Pasto, Popayán, Riohacha, Sabanilla, Santa Marta, Santander, Socorro, Soto, Tequendama, Tunja, Tundama, Túquerres, Valle de Upar, Veraguas, Vélez and Zipaquirá.[7] However, the new constitution of 1853 introduced federalism, which lead to the consolidation of provinces into states. By 1858 this process was complete, with a resulting eight federal states: Panamá was formed in 1855, Antioquia in 1856, Santander in May 1857, and Bolívar, Boyacá, Cauca, Cundinamarca and Magdalena were formed in June 1858. 1861 saw the creation of the final federal state of Tolima.[8]
Republic of Colombia
The Colombian Constitution of 1886 converted the states of Colombia into departments, with the state presidents renamed as governors. The states formed the following original departments:
- Antioquia Department
- Bolívar Department
- Boyacá Department
- Cauca Department
- Cundinamarca Department
- Magdalena Department
- Panamá Department
- Santander Department
- Tolima Department
Maps gallery
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Departments of Colombia with municipalities
-
Map with numbered departments
-
Departments of Colombia with names
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Political map of Colombia
-
Topography of Colombia, highly variable per department
See also
- ISO 3166-2:CO
- List of Colombian flags
- List of political and geographic subdivisions by total area
- States of Colombia
- List of Colombian departments by Human Development Index
References
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ http://www.dane.gov.co/daneweb_V09/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=307&Itemid=124 |archive= https://web.archive.org/web/20110517163649/http://www.dane.gov.co/daneweb_V09/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=307&Itemid=124
- ↑ Decree 2164 of 1995 provides "Reserva Indígena. Es un globo de terreno baldío ocupado por una o varias comunidades indígenas que fué delimitado y legalmente asignado por el INCORA a aquellas para que ejerzan en él los derechos de uso y usufructo con exclusión de terceros. Las reservas indígenas constituyen tierras comunales de grupos étnicos, para los fines previstos en el artículo 63 de la Constitución Política y la ley 21 de 1991. […] Territorios Indígenas. Son las áreas poseidas en forma regular y permanente por una comunidad, parcialidad o grupo indígena y aquellas que, aunque no se encuentren poseidas en esa forma, constituyen el ámbito tradicional de sus actividades sociales, económicas y culturales. " Art. 21: "Los resguardos son una institución legal y sociopolítica de carácter especial, conformada por una o más comunidades indígenas, que con un título de propiedad colectiva que goza de las garantías de la propiedad privada, poseen su territorio y se rigen para el manejo de éste y su vida interna por una organización autónoma amparada por el fuero indígena y su sistema normativo propio."
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 Шаблон:Cite webШаблон:Dead link
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
External links
Шаблон:Departments of Colombia Шаблон:Colombia topics Шаблон:Articles on first-level administrative divisions of South American countries
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- Colombia geography-related lists
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