Английская Википедия:Designated survivor

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In the United States, a designated survivor (or designated successor) is a named individual in the presidential line of succession that is planned to take the Office of President of the United States if it becomes entirely dismantled. The designated survivor is usually appointed in preparation for a catastrophic or mass-casualty event. The individual is chosen to stay at an undisclosed secure location, away from events such as State of the Union addresses and presidential inaugurations. The practice of designating a successor is intended to prevent a hypothetical decapitation of the government and to safeguard continuity in the office of the president in the event the president along with the vice president and multiple other officials in the presidential line of succession die. The procedure began in the 1950s during the Cold War with the idea that nuclear attack could kill government officials and the United States government would collapse.

If such an event occurred, the surviving official highest in the line of succession as noted in the Presidential Succession Act of 1947, possibly the designated survivor, would become Acting President of the United States. The individual named as a designated survivor must be eligible to serve as president to ensure that the individual is able to provide continuity in government. In practice, the designated survivor is usually a member of the president's Cabinet, and is chosen by the president.

Being assigned as the designated survivor does not guarantee that this official will be the person to assume the presidency in such a situation. For the 2010 State of the Union Address, HUD Secretary Shaun Donovan was the designated survivor. However, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton was also absent from the address due to a conference in London; had a calamity occurred, Clinton, not Donovan, would have become Acting President as her office is higher in the line of succession.

Congress also designates members of the Senate and House (one from each party) to become their own "designated survivor" to maintain the existence of Congress in the event of a mass-casualty event.

Selection

In a 2016 interview, Jon Favreau, a speechwriter under President Barack Obama, said that the procedure for picking a designated survivor for a State of the Union address was "entirely random", but later clarified that the content of the speech played a role in who was permitted to be absent. As an example, Favreau said that for a State of the Union speech in which Obama's education policy was a major focus, then-Secretary of Education Arne Duncan was not chosen as the designated survivor, as it was felt that he should attend and represent his department.

List of designated survivors

Date	Occasion	Designee	Position	Notes
February 18, 1981	Шаблон:NowrapШаблон:Efn	Terrel Bell	Secretary of Education
January 25, 1984	State of the Union	Samuel Pierce	Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
January 21, 1985	Presidential Inauguration	Margaret Heckler	Secretary of Health and Human Services
February 6, 1985	State of the Union	Malcolm Baldrige	Secretary of Commerce
February 4, 1986	State of the Union	John Block	Secretary of Agriculture
January 27, 1987	State of the Union	Richard Lyng	Secretary of Agriculture
January 25, 1988	State of the Union	Donald Hodel	Secretary of the Interior
February 9, 1989	Presidential Address to Joint Session of CongressШаблон:Efn	Lauro Cavazos	Secretary of Education
January 31, 1990	State of the Union	Edward J. Derwinski	Secretary of Veterans Affairs
January 29, 1991	State of the Union	Manuel Lujan	Secretary of the Interior
January 28, 1992	State of the Union	Ed Madigan	Secretary of Agriculture
February 17, 1993	Presidential Address to Joint Session of CongressШаблон:Efn	Bruce Babbitt	Secretary of the Interior
January 25, 1994	State of the Union	Mike Espy	Secretary of Agriculture
January 24, 1995	State of the Union	Federico Peña	Secretary of Transportation
January 23, 1996	State of the Union	Donna Shalala	Secretary of Health and Human Services
February 4, 1997	State of the Union	Dan Glickman	Secretary of Agriculture
January 27, 1998	State of the Union	William Daley	Secretary of Commerce
January 19, 1999	State of the Union	Andrew Cuomo	Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
January 27, 2000	State of the Union	Bill Richardson	Secretary of Energy
February 27, 2001	Presidential Address to Joint Session of CongressШаблон:Efn	Anthony Principi	Secretary of Veterans Affairs
September 11–14, 2001	Following the September 11 attacks	Donald Evans	Secretary of Commerce
September 20, 2001	Presidential Address to Joint Session of Congress (following the September 11 attacks)	Dick Cheney	Vice President
		Tommy Thompson	Secretary of Health and Human Services
January 29, 2002	State of the Union	Gale Norton	Secretary of the Interior
January 28, 2003	State of the Union	John Ashcroft	Attorney General
		Norman Mineta	Secretary of Transportation
January 20, 2004	State of the Union	Donald Evans	Secretary of Commerce
January 20, 2005	Presidential Inauguration	Gale Norton	Secretary of the Interior
February 2, 2005	State of the Union	Ted Stevens	President pro tempore of the SenateШаблон:Efn
		Donald Evans	Secretary of Commerce
January 31, 2006	State of the Union	Ted Stevens	President pro tempore of the SenateШаблон:Efn
		Jim Nicholson	Secretary of Veterans Affairs
January 23, 2007	State of the Union	Alberto Gonzales	Attorney GeneralШаблон:Efn
January 28, 2008	State of the Union	Dirk Kempthorne	Secretary of the Interior
January 20, 2009	Presidential Inauguration	Robert Gates	Secretary of Defense
February 24, 2009	Presidential Address to Joint Session of CongressШаблон:Efn	Eric Holder	Attorney General
September 9, 2009	Presidential Address to Joint Session of Congress (Health Care Speech to Congress)	Steven Chu	Secretary of Energy
January 27, 2010	State of the Union	Hillary ClintonШаблон:Efn	Secretary of State
		Shaun Donovan	Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
January 25, 2011	State of the Union	Ken Salazar	Secretary of the Interior
January 24, 2012	State of the Union	Tom Vilsack	Secretary of Agriculture
January 21, 2013	Presidential Inauguration	Eric Shinseki	Secretary of Veterans Affairs
February 12, 2013	State of the Union	Steven Chu	Secretary of Energy
January 28, 2014	State of the Union	Ernest Moniz	Secretary of Energy
January 20, 2015	State of the Union	Anthony Foxx	Secretary of Transportation
January 12, 2016	State of the Union	Orrin Hatch	President pro tempore of the Senate
		Jeh Johnson	Secretary of Homeland Security
January 20, 2017	Presidential Inauguration	Orrin Hatch	President pro tempore of the Senate
		Jeh Johnson	Secretary of Homeland Security
February 28, 2017	Presidential Address to Joint Session of CongressШаблон:Efn	David Shulkin	Secretary of Veterans Affairs
January 30, 2018	State of the Union	Sonny Perdue	Secretary of Agriculture
February 5, 2019	State of the Union	Rick Perry	Secretary of Energy
February 4, 2020	State of the Union	David Bernhardt	Secretary of the Interior
January 20, 2021	Presidential Inauguration	UndisclosedШаблон:Efn
April 28, 2021	Presidential Address to Joint Session of CongressШаблон:Efn	NoneШаблон:Efn
March 1, 2022	State of the Union	Gina Raimondo	Secretary of Commerce
February 7, 2023	State of the Union	Marty Walsh	Secretary of Labor

External links

• U.S. Senate's list of cabinet members who did not attend the State of the Union Address (since 1984)
• Cabinet Members Who Did Not Attend the State of the Union Address Reagan (1984) – Trump The American Presidency Project [online]. Gerhard Peters (database). Santa Barbara, California: University of California (hosted).