Английская Википедия:Deutsch-Asiatische Bank

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Файл:Tcitp d451 the german asiatic bank.jpg
Building at No. 14 Bund in Shanghai, head office of Deutsch-Asiatische Bank from 1890 to 1917
Файл:Deutsch-Asiatische Bank.JPG
Shanghai head office during the interwar period, corner of Sichuan and Jiujiang roads, photographed in 2013
Файл:Berlin, Mitte, Mittelstrasse, FAZ-Gebaeude 05.jpg
Mittelstrasse 2-4 in Berlin, the bank's Berlin office in the interwar period[1]

Deutsch-Asiatische Bank (DAB; Шаблон:Zh) was a foreign bank in Asia, founded in 1889 in Shanghai. Its principal activity was trade financing, but together with English and French banks, it also played a role in the underwriting of bonds for the Chinese government and in the financing of railway construction in China.

History

Deutsche-Asiatische Bank was founded in the Shanghai International Settlement on 12 February 1889, at the initial initiative of the Disconto-Gesellschaft, and with the additional participation of all the other major German commercial banks of the time. Its initial capital, denominated in local taels, was divided between the Disconto-Gesellschaft (16.1 percent), Deutsche Bank (11.1 percent), S. Bleichröder (11.1 percent), Berliner Handels-Gesellschaft (9.4 percent), Шаблон:Ill (9.4 percent), Norddeutsche Bank (7.6 percent), Darmstädter Bank (6.2 percent), Mendelssohn & Co. (6.2 percent), M. A. Rothschild & Söhne (6.2 percent),[2]Шаблон:Rp as well as Dresdner Bank, A. Schaaffhausen'scher Bankverein, and Nationalbank für Deutschland among others.Шаблон:R At the time, it was the first large non-British bank to enter the Chinese market.[3] Its general management (Шаблон:Lang-de) resided in Shanghai, while the supervisory board (Шаблон:Lang-de) met in Berlin.[4]

The bank soon set up branches in Tianjin (1890), Calcutta (1896), Hankou (1897), Qingdao (1897), Hong Kong (1899), Yokohama (1905), Beijing (1905), Kobe (1906), Singapore (1906), Jinan (1910), and Guangzhou (1910).Шаблон:R Until World War I, it developed a cooperative relationship with the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation against encroachments by competing foreign banks from France, Japan and Russia.[3]

In 1906, the bank received the concession to issue its own banknotes in China, denominated in Mexican dollars and in taels.[5]Шаблон:Rp

In 1914 at the start of World War I, the DAB's operations in Calcutta, Hong Kong and Singapore were promptly closed and liquidated by the British authorities. In Japan, the operations in Kobe and Yokohama came to a standstill in September 1916.[6] The branch in Qingdao was plundered by the victorious Japanese army following the siege of Tsingtao in 1914, and was subsequently used to host the Japanese Consulate until World War II.[7] The rest of the DAB's Chinese network was closed by the Chinese government following China's entry into the war on Шаблон:Date.[3]

The DAB's operations in Japan restarted in 1919, but the Yokohama branch was destroyed in the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake. Following the normalization of relationships between China and Germany in the early 1920s, the DAB was able to restart activity in Beijing, Guangzhou, Hankou, Shanghai, and Tianjin, as well as the continued operations in Japan.[6]

The Deutsch-Asiatische Bank's activity in Berlin was terminated in 1945 by order of the Soviet occupation forces in Germany.[8] On Шаблон:Date, the government of the Republic of China similarly took over the head office in Shanghai and confiscated the bank's Chinese assets without compensation. The branch in Hamburg, however, could continue some activity after only a few days' interruption in May 1945, even though it had no access to the main offices' documentation. The bank's total headcount in Germany and China correspondingly evolved, from 85 in 1939 to 8 in January 1949 and 21 at end-1952.[9] the bank's head office was formally relocated from Shanghai to Hamburg in June 1953.[10]

In 1972, together with partner banks within the EBIC group (European Banks' International Company), Deutsche Bank subsequently founded Europäisch-Asiatische Bank (also known as European Asian Bank or Eurasbank), which the former Deutsch-Asiatische Bank was merged into. Beside Deutsche, the shareholder banks included AMRO Bank (Netherlands), Banca Commerciale Italiana (Italy), Creditanstalt-Bankverein (Austria), Midland Bank (UK), Société Générale de Banque (Belgium), and Société Générale (France).[11] In 1986, the bank was renamed Deutsche Bank (Asia) after the partner banks sold their participations to Deutsche Bank. Between 1987 and 1988, it was then merged into Deutsche Bank.[12]

Buildings

The Deutsch-Asiatische Bank's branch in Shanghai opened at No. 14 Bund on Шаблон:Date.[3] After World War I, the property was taken over by China's Bank of Communications, which in the 1940s replaced it with the still-standing Bank of Communications Building.

Banknotes

Like other foreign banks in China at the time, the Deutsch-Asiatische Bank issued paper currency in the concessions where it had established branch offices.

See also

References

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 Шаблон:Citation
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ "Ghassan Moazzin, "From Globalization to Liquidation: The Deutsch-Asiatische Bank and the First World War in China," Cross-Currents: East Asian History and Culture Review 16 (2015), 52-76" Шаблон:Webarchive. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  12. ↑ Deutsch Bank Шаблон:Webarchive. Bankgeschichte.de (2 November 2004). Retrieved 11 January 2012.
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
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