Английская Википедия:Diadumenian

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Diadumenian (Шаблон:IPAc-en Шаблон:Respell; Шаблон:Lang-la; 14Шаблон:SpacesSeptember 208 – June 218) was the son of the Roman emperor Macrinus and served as his co-ruler for a brief time in 218. His mother, Macrinus' wife, is called Nonia Celsa in the unreliable Шаблон:Lang, though this name may have been fictional. Diadumenian became Шаблон:Lang in May 217, shortly after his father's accession to the imperial throne. Elagabalus, a relative of the recently deceased Caracalla, revolted in May of the following year, and Diadumenian was elevated to co-emperor. After Macrinus was defeated in the Battle of Antioch on 8 June 218, Diadumenian was sent to the court of Artabanus IV of Parthia to ensure his safety; however, he was captured and executed along the way. After his death and that of his father, the Senate declared both of them enemies of Rome and had their names struck from records and their images destroyed — a process known in modern scholarship as Шаблон:Lang.

History

Diadumenian was born on 14 September 208,Шаблон:Sfn named Marcus Opellius Diadumenianus, to Macrinus, the praetorian prefect and future emperor of Berber origin.Шаблон:Sfn The unreliable Шаблон:Lang, a collection of biographies of Roman emperors and usurpers, mistakenly names Diadumenian as "Diadumenus".Шаблон:Sfn The same source also states that Diadumenian's mother (Macrinus' wife) was called Nonia Celsa, though this name may have been invented by the author of the text.Шаблон:Sfn Little information survives about Diadumenian, although the details of his physical appearance can be deduced from coinage and a description from the Шаблон:Lang, which relates that he was "beautiful beyond all others, somewhat tall of stature, with golden hair, black eyes and an aquiline nose; his chin was wholly lovely in its molding, his mouth designed for a kiss, and he was by nature strong and by training graceful".Шаблон:Sfn

Having served as praetorian prefect under Caracalla, Macrinus participated in a plot to have the Emperor assassinated and exploited the resulting power vacuum to seize the throne for himself on 11 April 217, three days after Caracalla's death.Шаблон:Sfn Shortly after, the eight-year-old Diadumenian was elevated to Шаблон:LangШаблон:Sndformalising his position as heir to the throneШаблон:Sndat Zeugma, while his guard was escorting him from Antioch to Mesopotamia to join his father. He was also given the name Antoninus, in honour of the Antonine dynasty, at this time.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn On 16 May 218 a revolt against him and his father was launched in Emesa by Elagabalus, whose mother, Julia Soaemias, was Caracalla's cousin. In order to put down the revolt, Macrinus led his legions to a fort at Apamea. There Macrinus elevated Diadumenian to Шаблон:Lang, making him co-emperor. After Macrinus was defeated by Elagabalus on 8 June 218, at the Battle of Antioch, Macrinus fled north and then to the Bosporus. Before fleeing, he entrusted Diadumenian to loyal servants, instructing them to take him into the Parthian Empire, to the court of Artabanus IV, to ensure his safety. Diadumenian was captured en route in Zeugma and executed in late June.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn His head was brought to Elagabalus and reportedly kept as a trophy.Шаблон:Sfn

Following the demise of both Macrinus and Diadumenian, the Roman Senate quickly proclaimed their support for Elagabalus, declaring the former emperors to be enemies of the state. They were subject to a process known in modern scholarship as Шаблон:Lang, with their images and mentions in inscriptions and papyri being destroyed during the reign of Elagabalus.Шаблон:Sfn In an attempt to wipe out all traces of Diadumenian and his father, Elagabalus dated his own reign to the end of that of Caracalla.Шаблон:Sfn Surviving busts of Diadumenian are mangled, with the facial features barely being discernible.Шаблон:Sfn

Numismatics

While Шаблон:Lang, a large number of coins were struck for Diadumenian, although fewer than the amount struck for his father. Coins in which he is depicted as Шаблон:Lang are extremely limited, and the only known coins from this time are denarii. This has led to the suggestion, first proposed by the ancient numismatist Curtis Clay, that a large issue of coins was being made for Diadumenian; however, they were quickly melted down when the news of Macrinus' defeat spread. Some eastern provincial coins from the period exist which give Diadumenian the title Шаблон:Lang, at the time the Greek equivalent of the Roman Шаблон:Lang.Шаблон:Sfn In terms of gold coins, Diadumenian has one known style of aureus, bearing his image on the obverse and displaying Spes standing on the reverse, and one known style of half-aureus, bearing his image on the obverse and displaying himself holding a sceptre and standard.Шаблон:Sfn

References

Bibliography

• Шаблон:Cite book
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• Harold Mattingly, Edward A. Sydenham, C. H. V. Sutherland, Roman Imperial Coinage, volume IV part II, Macrinus to Pupienus, London, Spink, 1938.
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book