Английская Википедия:Ding Dong mines

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Infobox historic site

The Ding Dong mines lie in an old and extensive mining area situated in the parish of Madron, in Penwith, Cornwall, England. They are about two miles north east of the St Just to Penzance road. They look out over Mount's Bay and St Michael's Mount to the south west. Since 2006 the site has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site, part of Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape.

Etymology

According to a 1936 book by Henry R. Jennings, the name may refer to the 'head of the lode' or the outcrop of tin on the hill. He also notes that in Madron church there is a 'Ding Dong Bell' that was rung to mark the end of the last shift of the miners.Шаблон:Sfn

History

Near the mine ruins can be found the Bronze Age Nine Maidens Stone Circle, the Men-an-Tol and Lanyon Quoit and the Ding Dong mines themselves.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn These are reported to be the oldest in the Westcountry, dating back to prehistoric times.Шаблон:Sfn Ding Dong mine is likely one of the oldest mines in the United Kingdom.Шаблон:Sfn It was described as having 22 tin lodes connected with it and as extending over 500 acres.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

18th century

It is not known when the mine actually began to be worked.Шаблон:Sfn The earliest record of Ding Dong is given by John Norden at the beginning of the 17th century.Шаблон:Sfn In 1714 three separate mines were operating: Good Fortune, Wheal Malkin and Hard Shafts Bounds.Шаблон:Sfn By 1782 sixteen working mines were to be found in the area.Шаблон:Sfn and the present sett include Ding Dong in the middle, Providence, Tredinneck and Ishmael's to the east and Wheal Malkin and Wheal Boys to the West.[1]

Ding Dong obtained notoriety during the 18th century because of an infringement lawsuit. A 28-inch cylinder inverted engine designed by Edward Bull, chief designer for Boulton and Watt, was put into Ding Dong in 1796; James Watt saw this as an infringement of his 'condenser patent'.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn One of these engines was erected at Ding Dong in 1797,Шаблон:Sfn when a conventional Boulton and Watt engine was inverted by Richard Trevithick and William West.Шаблон:Efn Trevithick worked with his father at Wheal Treasury mine and, after making improvements which increased the operating pressure of the Bull Steam Engine, Trevithick was promoted to engineer of the Ding Dong mine in 1796.Шаблон:Sfn Today the ruined Count (Account) House is the only remaining structure from Richard Trevithick's time at Ding Dong.[2]Шаблон:Efn

19th century

The Ding Dong mine was created in 1813 by combining 16 smaller mines in the area.Шаблон:Sfn By the middle of the 18th century at least seven small concerns had sprung up although the name Ding Dong did not become the usual name until after the turn of the 19th century.Шаблон:Sfn In 1814 it was reopened and worked until 11 July 1877, when an attempt to sell it at auction as an active mine failed.[3]Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn

The mine was said to be mining tin in granite in 1823. It was described as being 400 feet above sea level and 600 feet below the earth's surface. There were 120 men working underground at the time and they used 900lbs of candles each month to light their way in the mine. Every day, the mine's pumps removed 50,000 gallons of water from the mine; and 300lbs of gunpowder were used each month in the mine. The 1823 report said that the mine had been working for eight years.Шаблон:Sfn In 1839, the mine was described as employing 200-300 miners.Шаблон:Sfn

Файл:Collared in stone - geograph.org.uk - 1738427.jpg
A shaft at the Ding Dong mine

The eastern veins of ore were exhausted by 1850, so the western veins became the area of primary production.[1] In the period from 1855 until its closure, the mine yielded some 2,905 tons of black tin.Шаблон:Sfn Though there were 206 miners working there at the end of the 1850s, the mine struggled to meet its expenses.[3]

Because of the shift in production from east to west, a pumping house was built at the Greenburrow shaft in 1865 and an engine was transferred there to pump water from it.[1] There were two recorded instances of explosions at the mine which took place in the 1860s. Three slight explosions occurred at the mine circa 1860 when a previously underwater level of the mine was being re-opened.Шаблон:Sfn Another took place in 1868, with two miners being scalded followed by a second explosion two days later.Шаблон:Sfn

By 1870, production had increased enough for the mine to have 200 men working there.[1] Not long before its closure in 1877, a new lode of tin had been discovered.Шаблон:Sfn During the 1870s the price of tin dropped due to the opening of tin deposits in Queensland and other parts of the British Empire. Due to this, and exhaustion of the local deposits, Ding Dong finally ceased production on 11 July 1877.[3]

20th century to present

When the price of tin rose in 1911, the mine's dump was explored and a new company, Ding Dong Mine Syndicate, began to work above ground. California stamps were installed; during the period from September 1912 to March 1915, 51 tons of tin were extracted from the hand-picked ore. The wartime drop in all metal prices brought this work at the mine to an end.[3] Three later attempts to open the mine since that time were failures; the first was due to water issues but the last two were due to local opposition.[3]Шаблон:Sfn The Ding Dong Mine is now part of the Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape World Heritage site.[4] The mine's engine house has been designated a Grade II building since 1988.[5]

Legends

During the reign of Queen Victoria, the chief agent of the mine told a scientific inquirer, that many people said the mine was worked hundred of years before Christ. Another legend was that Joseph of Arimathea visited the area accompanied by the young Jesus to address the miners; there is no evidence to support these beliefs.Шаблон:Sfn[6] An old miner told A. K. Hamilton Jenkin "Why, they do say there's only one mine in Cornwall older than Dolcoath, and that's Ding Dong, which was worked before the time of Jesus Christ."[7]Шаблон:Sfn

A folk song called "Ding Dong Mine" was written in 1986 by West-country singer Jerry Johnson. One verse tells of a disaster at the mine, although no official records or documents confirm that such a disaster happened. Johnson may have been using poetic licence to describe such similar occurrences in the area.Шаблон:Citation needed

See also

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Notes

Шаблон:Notelist

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Sources

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External links

Шаблон:Commons category

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Trevithick не указан текст
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Шаблон:NHLE
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  7. ↑ Hamilton Jenkin, A. K. (1945) Cornwall and its People. London: J. M. Dent; p. 347
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