Английская Википедия:Diploglottis diphyllostegia

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Diploglottis diphyllostegia, commonly known as the northern tamarind, native tamarind or wild tamarind, is a tree in the lychee family Sapindaceae which is endemic to Queensland, Australia. It is an attractive tree with potential in cultivation, with a dense crown of dark green leaves and masses of fruit in spring and summer.

Description

Diploglottis diphyllostegia is a tree growing up to Шаблон:Cvt high. The trunk is up to Шаблон:Cvt diameter, often fluted or irregularly shaped in cross section and may be buttressed.Шаблон:R The large compound leaves measure around Шаблон:Cvt long with up to 9 leaflets either side of the rachis.Шаблон:R The leaflets are dark green above and lighter green below, with 14–22 very obvious lateral veins either side of the midrib.Шаблон:R The compound leaf petiole, the rachis, the leaflet stalks and the leaflet veins are all covered in a fine golden brown indumentum.Шаблон:R

The inflorescence is a large panicle produced in the leaf axils, carrying numerous flowers and measuring about Шаблон:Cvt long.Шаблон:R The flowers are small, around Шаблон:Cvt diameter, with 4 or 5 petals and 8 stamens.Шаблон:R

The fruit is a yellow-orange capsule with 2 or 3 segments, each containing a single seed fully surrounded by a thick, translucent, yellow/orange, bilobed aril. The seed is brown and about Шаблон:Cvt long.Шаблон:R

Phenology

Flowering occurs from June to November, and is quickly followed by the fruit from July to December.Шаблон:R

Taxonomy

This species was first described in 1866 by the German born botanist Ferdinand von Mueller, who gave it the name Cupania diphyllostegia and published it in his work Fragmenta phytographiæ Australiæ.Шаблон:R In 1886 it was transferred to the genus Diploglottis by Frederick Manson Bailey.Шаблон:R

Etymology

The genus name Diploglottis comes from the Neo-Latin words diplo- meaning double, combined with glottis meaning tongue, and refers to the two tongue-like scales on the petals.Шаблон:R The species epithet diphyllostegia combines the prefix "di" meaning two, with the Ancient Greek words φύλλον (phyllon) meaning leaf, and στέγη (stégō) meaning cover.Шаблон:R It can be translated as "two-leaved covering" and is a reference to the bilobed aril that encloses the seed.

The common names for this taxon refer to the well known Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) that is widely used in cuisines, due to the similarity of taste of the two. However D. diphyllostegia is not closely related to T. indica.

Distribution and habitat

The northern tamarind is endemic to Queensland, occurring from the top of Cape York Peninsula south through eastern coastal regions to near Ingham.Шаблон:R Recorded observations of this species at the Australasian Virtual Herbarium that occur further south near Mackay are likely to be reclassified as Diploglottis obovata.Шаблон:R There is also a single observation of D. diphyllostegia from New Guinea that requires further verification.Шаблон:R

The species grows on rainforest margins and in riparian forest, at altitudes from sea level to around Шаблон:Cvt.Шаблон:R

Ecology

The fruit are eaten by Orange-footed scrubfowl (Megapodius reinwardt), cassowaries (Casuarius casuarius), Metallic starlings (Aplonis metallica) and native rodents.Шаблон:R

Conservation

This species is listed by both the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the Queensland Department of Environment and Science as least concern.Шаблон:R

Cultivation and uses

The northern tamarind has become commonly cultivated due to its attractive crown of glossy, textured leaves and large crops of colourful fruit.Шаблон:R A small number have been planted in the streets and parks of Cairns.Шаблон:R

The aril of this species (and others in the genus) is edible and has a sweet, tart flavour; it has been used to make juices, jams, sauces and preserves.Шаблон:R

Gallery

• Cultivated in Cairns

  Cultivated in Cairns

• Fruiting

  Fruiting

• Ripe fruit with orange aril

  Ripe fruit with orange aril

• Trunk

  Trunk

• Compound leaf

  Compound leaf

• Close up of leaf undersides with dense golden hairs

  Close up of leaf undersides with dense golden hairs

• Grooved rachis

  Grooved rachis

External links

• Шаблон:Wikispecies-inline
• Шаблон:Commons category-inline
• View a map of historical sightings of this species at the Australasian Virtual Herbarium
• View observations of this species on iNaturalist
• View images of this species on Flickriver