Английская Википедия:Doilungdêqên, Lhasa

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Infobox settlement Шаблон:Infobox Chinese Doilungdêqên District is a district in Lhasa, north-west of the main center of Chengguan, Tibet Autonomous Region. It is largely agricultural or pastoral, but contains the western suburbs of the city of Lhasa. The Duilong River runs southeast through the district to the Lhasa River. A prehistoric site appears to be 3600–3000 years old. The district is home to the Tsurphu Monastery (1189) and the 17th century Nechung monastery.

Topography

Doilungdêgên is said to mean "valley of bliss" in Tibetan.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn The district is located in south-central Tibet. It contains the western suburbs of the city of Lhasa, capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region, which begin about Шаблон:Convert from the city center. It covers an area of 2,704 square kilometers, with 94,969 acres of farmland.Шаблон:Sfn

The district borders on the north Tibet grasslands in the northwest. The valley of the Doilung River leads south to the Lhasa River, and is contained by two ridges of the Nyenchen Tanglha Mountains. The Duilong is Шаблон:Convert in length, and has hydroelectrical power generation capacity of 4,000  KW. In the south the district occupies part of the south bank of the Lhasa River. There are about sixty rivers and streams in total.Шаблон:Sfn The district has an average elevation of Шаблон:Convert, with a highest elevation of Шаблон:Convert and a lowest point at Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn

Environment

There are about 120 frost-free days annually.Шаблон:Sfn Annual mean temperature is Шаблон:Convert, with temperatures in January falling below Шаблон:Convert Annual precipitation is about Шаблон:Convert, with autumn rainfall of Шаблон:Convert. The district is agriculturally rich and was used by the Tibetan kings as a source of food for Lhasa.Шаблон:Sfn Wildlife includes roe deer, otter, brown bear, leopard, black-necked crane, Chinese caterpillar fungus, Fritillaria and snow lotus.Шаблон:Sfn Military personnel have been involved in efforts to protect and improve the environment, including replanting programs.Шаблон:Sfn

Demographics

In 1992 there were 33,581 people in 6,500 households, with 94.28% of the people engaged in farming. About 90% of the people were ethnic Tibetan, with most people of other ethnicity living in Donggar.Шаблон:Sfn The 2000 census gave a total population of 40,543 people: Donggar 9,359, Naiqiong 7,838, Dechen 5,731 people, Mar 4,458, Gurung 5,664, Yabda 3,664, Liuwu 3,829. The total population as of the end of 2007 was 45,551 people.Шаблон:Sfn The first drug rehabilitation center in Tibet was being constructed in Duilongdeqing District in 2009. It would provide physiological rehabilitation, psychological therapy and job training for up to 150 drug addicts.Шаблон:Sfn

History

Файл:Doilungdêqên County png.png
The built-up area (pink) within the Doilungdêqên District (yellow)

Duilongdeqing County was founded in September 1959, and in February 1960 expanded to include the western suburbs of Lhasa.Шаблон:Sfn The district has been rapidly urbanizing. In January 2015 the former county government was preparing to upgrade Doilungdêqên into Lhasa's second urban district.Шаблон:Sfn The county was finally upgraded into a district on 13 October 2015.

Administration divisions

The district has jurisdiction over four subdistricts and three towns, covering thirty-five administrative villages. The seat of government is in the town of Donggar.Шаблон:Sfn This is just Шаблон:Convert from downtown Lhasa.Шаблон:Sfn

Name Tibetan Tibetan Pinyin Chinese Pinyin
Subdistricts
Donggar Subdistrict Шаблон:Bo-textonly Donggar Tromzhung Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Transl
Liuwu Subdistrict
(Niu Subdistrict)		 Шаблон:Bo-textonly Niu Tromzhung Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Transl
Naiqung Subdistrict Шаблон:Bo-textonly Naiqung Tromzhung Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Transl
Yabda Subdistrict Шаблон:Bo-textonly Yabda Tromzhung Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Transl
Towns
Dêqên Town Шаблон:Bo-textonly Dêqên Chongdai Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Transl
Mar Town Шаблон:Bo-textonly Mar Chongdai Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Transl
Gurum Town Шаблон:Bo-textonly Gurum Chongdai Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Transl

Economy

Файл:Nomad camp above Tsurphu Gompa 2.JPG
Nomad camp above Tsurphu Gompa in 1993

Until the 1980s almost all of the rural residents farmed and raised livestock. After reform and an open policy were adopted, growing numbers began to move into industry, construction, transport, commerce and more skilled occupations.Шаблон:Sfn In the mid-1980s many local factories and processing plants were built at the village level, but most of them failed to survive. The construction force grew in the 1980s to meet demand for "43 engineering projects" in Lhasa, and construction remained an important source of employment in the late 1990s. At the same time, inefficient traditional farming and herding practices were replaced by more modern techniques.Шаблон:Sfn

The economy is still dominated by agriculture. Vegetable production is an important industry in Donggar.Шаблон:Sfn Other agricultural products include wheat, spring wheat, barley, peas, beans and potatoes. Livestock includes zaks, sheep, goats and poultry. The main mineral resources are coal, iron, clay, lead and zinc.Шаблон:Sfn

Communications

The Qinghai–Tibet Railway runs through the district beside the Qinghai–Tibet Highway (China National Highway 318) from northeast to southwest. The district is crossed by China National Highway 109 in the south.Шаблон:Sfn 47 other roads have a total length of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn Lhasa railway station is in Liuwu township.Шаблон:Sfn The terminus of the Qinghai–Tibet line, it is over Шаблон:Convert above sea level, and is its largest passenger transport station. It includes a clinic with oxygen treatment facilities. The station uses solar energy for heating.Шаблон:Sfn

Landmarks

The best-known landmark is Tsurphu Monastery, built in 1189 and treated as a regional cultural relic reserve.Шаблон:Sfn The monastery was founded by Düsum Khyenpa, 1st Karmapa Lama, founder of Karma Kagyu school. It is the main Kagyu temple.Шаблон:Sfn The Nechung Monastery, former home of the Nechung Oracle, is located in Naiquong township.Шаблон:Sfn Nechung was built by the 5th Dalai Lama (1617–82).Шаблон:Sfn Nechung was almost completely destroyed during the Cultural Revolution but has been largely restored. There is a huge new statue of Guru Rinpoche (Padmasambhava) on the second floor.Шаблон:Sfn There are also hot springs that are said to have various curative powers.Шаблон:Sfn

A prehistoric site was found in 2007 in a location where sand was being quarried at Chang Village in Yabda Township at Шаблон:Convert above sea level, about Шаблон:Convert west of Lhasa. The site was protected pending formal excavation. A layer about Шаблон:Convert thick contained charcoal, ash, animal bones, pottery and stone tools. The site appears to be 3600–3000 years old.Шаблон:Sfn

See also

References

Шаблон:Notelist Шаблон:Reflist Шаблон:Commons category

Sources

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

Шаблон:County-level divisions of Tibet Шаблон:Township-level divisions of Lhasa Шаблон:Lhasa Prefecture Шаблон:Authority control

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

Источник — http://wikihandbk.com/ruwiki/index.php?title=Английская_Википедия:Doilungdêqên,_Lhasa&oldid=14341847