Английская Википедия:Donaldsonville Louisiana Artillery

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Шаблон:Infobox Military Unit Шаблон:Military unit sidebar The Donaldsonville Louisiana Artillery was a Louisiana artillery unit that fought in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. Formed from an old militia company, it arrived in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War in September 1861 with three obsolete guns and was equipped with three additional rifled guns. The battery fought at Yorktown, Williamsburg, Seven Pines, Gaines' Mill, Glendale, Second Bull Run, Antietam, Shepherdstown and Fredericksburg in 1862. The following year the unit served at Gettysburg and in the Bristoe and Mine Run campaigns. The battery fought in the Overland campaign and at the Siege of Petersburg in 1864. It surrendered at Appomattox in April 1865.

Formation

The Donaldsonville Artillery originally existed as a Louisiana state militia company, the Donaldsonville Cannoniers, established in 1837.Шаблон:Sfn The unit organized for Confederate service in August 1861 with three M1841 6-pounder field guns. The battery traveled to Richmond, Virginia, where it arrived on 5 September 1861. Three additional rifled guns were provided by the Confederate government. The commander of the battery was Captain Victor Auguste Maurin,Шаблон:Sfn who received his officer's commission on 13 September 1861. Maurin was mayor of Donaldsonville, Louisiana, from 1854 to 1861.Шаблон:Sfn The battery numbered 103 officers and men on 13 September.Шаблон:Sfn[note 1]

Service

1861–1862

On 6 November 1861, the Donaldsonville Artillery was ordered to move to Yorktown, Virginia,Шаблон:Sfn where it stayed through the winter of 1861–1862. The battery was posted at Wynn's Mill during the Siege of Yorktown from 5 April to 4 May 1862.Шаблон:Sfn At Yorktown, the unit was assigned to Brigadier General Raleigh E. Colston's brigade in Major General James Longstreet's division.Шаблон:Sfn The Donaldsonville Artillery fought at the Battle of Williamsburg on 5 May, defending Fort Magruder with its 6-pounder guns at the end of the action. On 1 June 1862, the battery played a minor role in the Battle of Seven Pines,Шаблон:Sfn during which it was assigned to the artillery reserve of Longstreet's division.Шаблон:Sfn During the Seven Days Battles, Maurin's battery was assigned to Brigadier General Roger Atkinson Pryor's brigade in Longstreet's division.Шаблон:Sfn The unit fought at the Battle of Gaines' Mill on 27–28 June and the Battle of Glendale on 30 June, sustaining losses of 1 killed and 3 wounded in those actions.Шаблон:Sfn

For the Northern Virginia campaign, the Donaldsonville Artillery was assigned to Major General Richard H. Anderson's division in Longstreet's wing of the Army of Northern Virginia. On 23 August 1862, one section (two guns) of Maurin's battery participated in the First Battle of Rappahannock Station but reported no casualties.Шаблон:Sfn In this action, General Robert E. Lee's Confederate army faced Major General John Pope's Union army along the Rappahannock River. Lee wanted to move upstream to his left in order to turn Pope's right flank, but first he needed to eliminate a Federal bridgehead downstream at Rappahannock Station. Longstreet ordered a bombardment of the small bridgehead which was answered by Union batteries on the opposite bank; approximately 50 guns were involved in the artillery duel. Finally, Confederate infantry advanced and the Federals abandoned their bridgehead.Шаблон:Sfn The battery was present at the Second Battle of Bull Run on 28–30 August, assigned to Longstreet's wing.Шаблон:Sfn

Photo shows a black Civil War era cannon with a thick band around the breech.
At Antietam, the battery was armed with two captured Federal-made 10-pounder Parrott rifles, as shown.

At the Battle of Antietam on 17 September 1862, the Donaldsonville Artillery was equipped with three 6-pounders, two 10-pounder Parrott rifles, and one 3-inch Ordnance rifle. The battery reported no casualties during the action.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Maurin's battery was part of Major John Selden Saunders' artillery battalion, part of Anderson's division. The unit unlimbered near Piper's barn along with Captain Cary F. Grimes' Virginia battery.Шаблон:Sfn After bitter fighting, Union forces drove the Confederate infantry from Bloody Lane. After 1:00 pm, a further Union advance was blocked by Saunders' four batteries, including Maurin's.Шаблон:Sfn After 2:00 pm, while firing from Cemetery Hill, the battery helped block a Federal thrust from Middle Bridge.Шаблон:Sfn At the Battle of Shepherdstown on 19 September, Maurin's battery took losses of 1 killed and 2 wounded.Шаблон:Sfn The battery also lost one 10-pounder Parrott rifle, which had originally been captured from 5th U.S. Artillery, Battery D at the First Battle of Bull Run.Шаблон:Sfn While retreating cross-country from Union pursuit at night, the crew encountered an impassable woods; they abandoned and spiked the gun. At Shepherdstown, one caisson with 6-pounder ammunition was blown up by a Union shell and 20 horses were killed.Шаблон:Sfn

At the Battle of Fredericksburg, the Donaldsonville Artillery remained part of Anderson's division, Longstreet's First Corps, Army of Northern Virginia.Шаблон:Sfn During the battle, the battery deployed on Marye's Heights protected by gun pits, and sustained a loss of 1 killed and 6 wounded.Шаблон:Sfn Just to the north of the Plank Road, were the two 10-pounder Parrott rifles, under the command of Lieutenant R. Prosper Landry, while farther north was the 3-inch Ordnance rifle and a 6-pounder gun under Lieutenant Camille Mollere. The other two 6-pounders were kept in reserve. Because of the lay of the ground, only one 10-pounder Parrott and the 3-inch rifle were able to take the Union assault columns in enfilade. After firing about 200 rounds, the Federal artillery fired on Maurin's battery with such effect that its fire was somewhat suppressed, though the gun pits protected the gunners. The last Union attack of the day was made by Brigadier General Andrew A. Humphreys' division.Шаблон:Sfn In order to fire on Humphreys' troops, which were forming for the assault, one 10-pounder Parrott had to be removed from its protective gun pit. The 10-pounder fired three shots, causing considerable casualties among the massed Union soldiers. However, Federal cannon fire killed one man and wounded three more, including one man whose foot had to be amputated. As the crew loaded a fourth round, a Union shell smashed a wheel, disabling the gun.Шаблон:Sfn[note 2]

1863–1865

Photo shows several 6-pounder guns pushed together at an unknown location.
Model 1841 6-pounder field guns

The Donaldsonville Artillery was not engaged at the Battle of Chancellorsville on 1–4 May 1863, according to Arthur W. Bergeron Jr.Шаблон:Sfn However, the unit sustained a loss of 1 man wounded during the action.Шаблон:Sfn It was assigned to Lieutenant Colonel John J. Garnett's artillery battalion in Anderson's division.Шаблон:Sfn At the Battle of Gettysburg, Maurin's battery came into action only on 1 July.Шаблон:Sfn The day before the battle, three guns from the unit were detached with Brigadier General J. Johnston Pettigrew's brigade for a reconnaissance.Шаблон:Sfn At Gettysburg, the unit was assigned to Garnett's battalion in Major General Henry Heth's division, Third Corps, Army of Northern Virginia. It took 114 officers and men into action and suffered 6 casualties.Шаблон:Sfn Maurin's battery was involved in a skirmish on 6 July during the Battle of Williamsport. The battery served during the Bristoe campaign and the Mine Run campaign in fall 1863.Шаблон:Sfn

The Donaldsonville Artillery served during the Overland campaign, including the battles of the Wilderness (5–6 May 1864), Spotsylvania (9–21 May), and Cold Harbor (31 May–12 June).Шаблон:Sfn At the Wilderness, Lieutenant Landry commanded the battery, which was part of Lieutenant Colonel Charles Richardson's artillery battalion in the Third Corps.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn On 11 July 1864, Maurin was promoted major in command of Richardson's battalionШаблон:Sfn and Landry became captain of the Donaldsonville Artillery. The battery was involved in the Siege of Petersburg from the summer of 1864 through March 1865.Шаблон:Sfn At Petersburg, Landry's battery was assigned to Richardson's battalion in the Third Corps.Шаблон:Sfn

Lee surrendered his army at Appomattox on 9 April after the collapse of his Petersburg defenses.Шаблон:Sfn During the Appomattox campaign, Landry's battery was still assigned to Richardson's battalion, under the overall direction of Brigadier General Reuben Lindsay Walker in the Third Corps.Шаблон:Sfn At the surrender, Landry, 3 lieutenants, 64 men, and 4 servants were still with the battery. Altogether, 158 officers and men served in the battery during the war; 16 were killed in action while 20 died from disease.Шаблон:Sfn

See also

Notes

Footnotes

Шаблон:Reflist

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

References

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