Английская Википедия:Donner und Blitzen River

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Infobox river The Donner und Blitzen RiverШаблон:Needs IPA is a river on the eastern Oregon high desert that drains a relatively arid basin, the southern portion of Harney Basin, from roughly 20 to 80 miles (30 to 130 km) south-southeast of Burns including Malheur National Wildlife Refuge. Though much of its course is marsh, it offers scenic glaciated canyons, unique ecosystems, and exceptional wild trout fisheries.[1] Named by soldiers of German origin, the Donner und Blitzen River translates as "thunder and lightning".[2] The name usually brings to mind two of Santa Claus's reindeer,[3] but the river is named for a thunderstorm the soldiers experienced as they crossed the river;[4] dry lightning is an almost daily occurrence in the region during certain times of the year.

The Donner und Blitzen River arises as an intermittent stream on the lower slopes west of Steens Mountain at the Шаблон:Convert level at Шаблон:Coord, roughly Шаблон:Convert south-southeast of Burns and Шаблон:Convert northwest of Alvord Lake and empties at Шаблон:Coord into Malheur Lake.[5][6] Numerous nearby springs create its tributaries including South Fork Blitzen River,[7] Little Blitzen River, Big Indian Creek, Little Indian Creek, Fish Creek, Mud Creek, and Ankle Creek. It collects these and runs north or northwest, descending rapidly to the plateau floor, then turns northward to Malheur Lake, which has no outlet. It does not pass through any cities, though it comes within Шаблон:Convert of Frenchglen. Much of the river runs through what was once the P Ranch, one of the largest ranches in the west until the ranch was purchased by the United States Government in 1935.[8]

The Blitzen is home to a native species of Great Basin Redband Trout amongst many other unique forms of flora and fauna. Over the last century, the fish population has decreased due to increased human activity in the surrounding areas.[9] As part of the 2000 Steens Mountain Protection Act, congress and President Clinton signed off on the creation of the Donner und Blitzen Red Band Trout Reserve.[10] The Reserve was designated “to conserve, protect, and enhance the Donner und Blitzen population of redband trout and the unique ecosystem of plants, fish, and wildlife of a river system.”[11]

In 1988, Шаблон:Convert of rivers in its basin were designated Wild and Scenic, and another Шаблон:Convert were added in 2000.[1] The Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) lists seven temperature impairments on the river system.[12] The maximum recorded flow of Шаблон:Convert occurred on April 26, 1978, and was extrapolated from a calibrated value of Шаблон:Convert. The minimum recorded flow Шаблон:Convert occurred December 9, 1972, caused by widespread freezing.[13]

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category Шаблон:GeoGroupTemplate

Шаблон:Authority control

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  4. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок McArthur не указан текст
  5. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок source не указан текст
  6. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок gnis не указан текст
  7. ↑ The Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) lists source and mouth coordinates for the Donner und Blitzen River that include the South Fork as part of the main stem. In this article, Donner und Blitzen River refers to the full length of the river between those sets of coordinates.
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite report
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
Источник — http://wikihandbk.com/ruwiki/index.php?title=Английская_Википедия:Donner_und_Blitzen_River&oldid=14361517