Английская Википедия:Doordarshan

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Doordarshan (abbreviated as DD; Шаблон:Lit) is an Indian state-owned public television broadcaster founded by the Government of India, owned by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting and one of Prasar Bharati's two divisions. As one of India's largest broadcasting organisations in studio and transmitter infrastructure, it was established on 15 September 1959. Doordarshan, which also broadcasts on digital terrestrial transmitters, provides television, radio, online and mobile services throughout metropolitan and regional India and overseas.

History

Beginnings

Файл:Doordarshan 60th Foundation Day Stamps.jpg

A sheet of stamps released in 2019 on the occasion of Doordarshan's 60th Foundation Day

Файл:Doordarshan 60th Foundation Day Stamp.jpg

A stamp on Doordarshan's 60th Foundation Day

The channel began modestly as an experimental broadcaster in Delhi on 15 September 1959, with a small transmitter and a makeshift studio. Regular daily transmission started in 1965 as part of All India Radio, with a five-minute news bulletin read by Pratima Puri. Salma Sultan joined Doordarshan in 1967, and became a news anchor. Later Gitanjali Aiyar, Neethi Ravindran, and Rini Simon became popular news anchors in 70s.

Krishi Darshan debuted on Doordarshan on 26 January 1967, and is Indian television's longest running program.

Television service was extended to Bombay (now Mumbai) and Amritsar in 1972. Until 1975 only seven Indian cities had television service, and Doordarshan was the country's sole television provider.

Television service was separated from radio on 1 April 1976. The All India Radio and Doordarshan were placed under the management of separate directors-general in New Delhi. In 1982, Doordarshan became a national broadcaster.

Nationwide transmission

National telecasts (DD National) was introduced in 1982. Colour television began in India with the live telecast of the Independence Day speech by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi on 15 August of that year, followed by the colour telecast of the 1982 Asian Games in Delhi. Two years later, Doordarshan as a TV network finally took shape: the then sole TV channel was split into the nationally aired DD-1 and city channel DD-2, later rebranded in 1993 as DD National and DD Metro.

Live telecasts of the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2012 Summer Olympics were broadcast on its national channel, and DD Sports provided round-the-clock coverage.

On 17 November 2014, Doordarshan director-general Vijayalaxmi Chhabra introduced a pink-and-purple colour scheme and a new slogan: Desh Ka Apna Channel ("The country's own channel"). Doordarshan transmitted over a network of nearly 1,400 terrestrial transmitters in 2017, with 46 studios producing TV programmes. After the introduction of private channels Doordarshan is struggling to keep its position in the television space. Currently Doordarshan is trying to improve its studios and programmes while its primary aim is to serve the country.

Шаблон:AnchorChannels

Doordarshan operates 46 studios and 21 television channels: two all-India channels (DD National and DD News), 17 regional satellite channels, 11 state networks, an international channel (DD India), a sports channel (DD Sports), DD Bharati, DD Retro, DD Urdu and an agricultural channel, DD Kisan. On DD National (formerly DD-1), regional and local programs are carried on a time-sharing basis for terrestrial broadcasting only. DD News, launched on 3 November 2003 replacing DD Metro (formerly known as the DD-2 entertainment channel), provides 24-hour news. These channels are relayed by all terrestrial transmitters in India. The regional-language satellite channels have two components: a regional service for a particular state (relayed by all terrestrial transmitters in the state), and additional programs in the regional language available through cable operators and DTH operators. DD Sports broadcasts sporting events of national and international importance. It is the only sports channel which telecasts rural sports such as kho-kho and kabbadi.

A new regional channel, DD Arunprabha (a 24/7 satellite television channel focusing on the North Eastern region) was scheduled to begin on 15 February 2018; however, its launch was placed on hold. DD Arunprabha was launched on 9 February 2019.

On 9 March 2019, Prasar Bharati brought 11 more state DD channels on the satellite footprint of India through DD Free Dish. This includes five channels for the Northeastern states: DD Bangla, DD Chhattisgarh, DD Goa, DD Haryana, DD Himachal Pradesh, DD Jharkhand, DD Manipur, DD Meghalaya, DD Mizoram, DD Nagaland, DD Tripura and DD Uttarakhand. DD Bangla launched on 9 August 1975, the network's programming consists of soap operas, infotainment series, news and current affairs, social programs and films in Bengali language.

On 13 April 2020, DD Retro was launched by Prasar Bharati and showed old classic Hindi serials of Doordarshan.

Channel list

Шаблон:AnchorInternational channels

Channel	Programming	Language	Notes
DD International	News and Cultural Infotainment	English	Proposed
DD India	News	English	SD+HD

Шаблон:AnchorNational channels

Channel	Programming	Language	SD/HD availability
DD National	General Entertainment and News	Hindi and English	SD+HD
DD News	News	Hindi
DD Sports	Sports	Hindi and English
DD Bharati	Art and Cultural Infotainment	Hindi and English	SD
DD Kisan	Agricultural Infotainment	Hindi
DD Urdu	Infotainment	Urdu
DD Retro	Old Classic General Entertainment	Hindi

Шаблон:AnchorRegional channels

State network

Channel	Language	Region
DD Arunprabha	Hindi	Arunachal Pradesh
DD Assam	Assamese	Assam
DD Bangla	Bengali	West Bengal
DD Bihar	Hindi	Bihar
DD Chandana	Kannada	Karnataka
DD Chhattisgarh	Hindi	Chhattisgarh
DD Girnar	Gujarati	Gujarat
DD Goa	Konkani and Marathi	Goa
DD Haryana	Hindi	Haryana
DD Himachal Pradesh	Hindi	Himachal Pradesh
DD Jharkhand	Hindi	Jharkhand
DD Madhya Pradesh	Hindi	Madhya Pradesh
DD Malayalam	Malayalam	Kerala
DD Manipur (aka DDK Imphal)	Meitei (aka Manipuri)	Manipur
DD Meghalaya	Khasi and English	Meghalaya
DD Mizoram	Mizo	Mizoram
DD Nagaland	English	Nagaland
DD Odia	Odia	Odisha
DD Podhigai	Tamil	Tamilnadu
DD Punjabi	Punjabi	Punjab
DD Rajasthan	Hindi	Rajasthan
DD Sahyadri	Marathi	Maharashtra
DD Saptagiri	Telugu	Andhra Pradesh
DD Tripura	Bengali and Kokborok	Tripura
DD Uttarakhand	Hindi, Garhwali and Kumaoni	Uttarakhand
DD Uttar Pradesh	Hindi	Uttar Pradesh
DD Yadagiri	Telugu	Telangana

UT network

Channel	Language	Region
DD Andaman and Nicobar	Hindi, Bengali, Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam	Andaman and Nicobar
DD Chandigarh	Hindi and Punjabi	Chandigarh
DD Dadra and Nagar Haveli	Hindi, Gujarati and Marathi	Dadra and Nagar Haveli
DD Daman and Diu	Hindi, Gujarati and Marathi	Daman and Diu
DD Kashir	Kashmiri	Jammu and Kashmir
DD Lakshadweep	Malayalam	Lakshadweep
DD Pondicherry	Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam	Puducherry

International broadcasting

The DD India satellite channel has been broadcast in 146 countries. In the United Kingdom, it was available through the Eurobird satellite on the Sky system's channel 833; its logo was Rayat TV. Transmission via Sky Digital ended in June 2008, and via DirecTV in the United States the following month.

Record viewership during the pandemic

Шаблон:Recentism Ramayan on DD National created a world record by becoming the highest viewed entertainment programme globally. The 9 pm show on 16 April 2020 was watched by 7.7 crore (77 million) viewers. The show managed to reach more than 28.5 crore (285 million) viewers through the length of the broadcast. As a broadcasting response to nation-wide lockdown, apart from Ramayan, many other nostalgia shows were broadcast on DD network. These included Mahabharat, Chanakya, Shri Krishna, Byomkesh Bakshi and Shaktimaan. In light of increasing public demand for such retro content, Prasar Bharati launched ‘DD Retro’ as a full-time channel dedicated for the same. The channel started garnering viewership of almost 5 crore (50 million) within five weeks of its launch. Delivering on its mandate of public messaging, DD network, through COVID-focused awareness messages and shows, reached more than 40 crore (400 million) viewers during first wave of the pandemic in 2020.

Шаблон:AnchorCriticisms

Prasar Bharati is Doordarshan's parent body, and its board members are appointed by the Government of India through the Information and Broadcasting Ministry. Doordarshan has been used, especially during the Emergency, to disseminate government propaganda. During Operation Blue Star in 1984, only government sources were used to report the story. Doordarshan was complicit in the production of a video claiming acts of violence which, when investigated by independent journalists, were found to be false.Шаблон:Citation needed

In 2004, it censored a controversial documentary on Jayaprakash Narayan, an opposition leader during the Emergency.

In 2014, When Doordarshan broadcast a 70-minute Vijayadashami speech by Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) leader Mohan Bhagwat, the Narendra Modi administration and the BJP were criticised for "misusing" the public broadcaster. According to DD director-general Archana Datta, the "speech was like any other news event; therefore, we covered it."

Since private television channels were authorised in 1991, Doordarshan has experienced a steep decline in viewership. Although it earns significant advertising revenue—due to its compulsory feed—from the highest bidder for national events (including cricket matches), there has been a proposal to fund it by imposing a licence fee to own a television in India.

Legacy

A film named after the broadcaster, spiritually motivated by the 2003 German film Good Bye, Lenin!, was released in February 2020.

See also

• All India Radio
• Sansad TV
• DD Free Dish
• Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)
• DD Retro
• List of programs broadcast by DD National

External links

• Durdarshan official site
• Doordarshan news site
• DD News on Twitter
• DD News on Facebook