Английская Википедия:Doryanthes excelsa
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Doryanthes excelsa, commonly known as the gymea lily, is a flowering plant in the family Doryanthaceae that is endemic to coastal areas of New South Wales near Sydney. It has sword-like leaves more than Шаблон:Convert long and it grows a flower spike up to Шаблон:Convert high. The apex of the spike bears a large cluster of bright red flowers, each Шаблон:Convert across. Its common name is derived from the name given to the plant by the indigenous [Dharawal] people. The Sydney suburbs of Gymea and Gymea Bay are named after the lily.
Description
Gymea lilies have a rosette of large numbers of sword-shaped, strap like leaves Шаблон:Convert long and Шаблон:Convert wide. The leaves are bright green, fibrous and glabrous.[1][2]
In winter the flower spike grows from the centre of the rosette until it is up to Шаблон:Convert high, bearing shorter leaves up to Шаблон:Convert long. At the top of the spike, a head of flowers Шаблон:Convert in diameter develops, each flower being bright red, trumpet-shaped and about Шаблон:Convert long. The head is surrounded by reddish-brown bracts, sometimes making it difficult to see the flowers from the ground. Flowering occurs in spring and is followed by oval-shaped reddish-brown capsules, Шаблон:Convert long. In late summer, the capsule splits open and releases the seeds which are Шаблон:Convert long.[1][2]
Taxonomy and naming
Doryanthes excelsa was first formally described in 1802 by the Portuguese polymath, José Correia da Serra from the type specimen collected by George Bass "in mountainous parts of the colony of N.S.W.". The description was published in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London.[3][4] The genus name (Doryanthes) is derived from the Ancient Greek δόρυ (dóry) meaning a "spear"[5]Шаблон:Rp and ἄνθος (ánthos) meaning "a flower".[5]Шаблон:Rp The specific epithet (excelsa) is a Latin word meaning "high", "lofty" or "distinguished".[5]Шаблон:Rp Doryanthes excelsa and Doryanthes palmeri are the only two members of the family Doryanthaceae.[2]
"Doryanthes" has inspired the naming of the journal of history and heritage for Southern Sydney founded by Dharawal historian Les Bursill.[6]
Distribution and habitat
Doryanthes excelsa occurs in woodland and dry sclerophyll forest in coastal areas and adjacent mountains from Karuah to Mount Keira. It usually grows in soils derived from sandstone.[1]
Uses
Indigenous use
Aboriginal people roasted the young stems of gymea lily for eating. They also roasted the roots to make a kind of cake. Fibres from the leaves were used for making brushes and matting.[7]
Horticulture
Gymea lilies are hardy and adaptable plants often used in landscape gardening, not only in the Sydney region but also in other coastal areas such as Brisbane and Perth. Plants can be grown from seed but may not flower for up to eight years. Flowering can be encouraged by fire and by carefully placing a stone in the centre of the rosette.[2][8][9]
Image gallery
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Flowers
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Flowers
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Flowers and past seeds
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Illustration
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Sword-like leaves
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Australian native growing in Heathcote National Park, Sydney
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Habit
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Seed head
See also
References
External links
- Doryanthes excelsa Occurrence data from Australasian Virtual Herbarium
- Шаблон:Commons category-inline
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- Английская Википедия
- Doryanthaceae
- Flora of New South Wales
- Endemic flora of Australia
- Asparagales of Australia
- Garden plants of Australia
- Drought-tolerant plants
- Plants described in 1802
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- Википедия
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