Английская Википедия:Doubs (river)
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:For Шаблон:Infobox river The Doubs (Шаблон:IPAc-en Шаблон:Respell; Шаблон:IPA-fr; Шаблон:Lang-frp; Шаблон:Lang-de) is a Шаблон:Convert river in far eastern France which strays into western Switzerland. It is a left-bank tributary of the Saône.[1] It rises near Mouthe in the western Jura mountains, at Шаблон:Convert and its mouth is at Verdun-sur-le-Doubs, a village and commune in Saône-et-Loire at about Шаблон:Convert above sea level. It is the tenth-longest river in France.
The most populous settlement of the basin lies on its banks, Besançon. Its course includes a small waterfall and a Шаблон:Convert narrow lake.
Course
From its source in Mouthe it flows northeast: a few kilometers north of the French-Swiss border, then to form the border for less distance, about 40 km. North of the Swiss town of Saint-Ursanne it turns west then southwest. South-east of Montbéliard it adopts a southwest striation or fault of the Jura Mountains, flowing so over greater distance than the flow it has traced before. It then flows into the Saône at Verdun-sur-le-Doubs about Шаблон:Convert northeast of Chalon-sur-Saône.
The shape of the course resembles the silhouette of a terrier sitting upright, leaning right, with the upper part of a northeastern corner "ear" the only zone in Switzerland, there reaching Saint-Ursanne. In that country it borders or crosses the cantons Jura and Neuchâtel.
Waterfalls and lake
The falls known as the Saut du Doubs is on the French-Swiss border.
Nearby, the river, dammed up by landslide debris, forms the Шаблон:Convert long, Шаблон:Convert wide, winding lake, (le) Lac des Brenets. The Шаблон:Convert-high Doubs Falls are at the lake's end. The falls can be reached on foot or by passenger boat.[2]
The Doubs flows through the following Departments of France, Cantons of Switzerland, and cities:
- Doubs (F): Pontarlier
- Neuchâtel (CH)
- Jura (CH): Saint-Ursanne
- Doubs (F): Montbéliard, Besançon
- Jura (F): Dole
- Saône-et-Loire (F): Verdun-sur-le-Doubs
Tributaries include:[1]
The river forms several lakes:
- Lac de Saint-Point (elevation Шаблон:Convert) near Pontarlier
- Lac des Brenets (elevation Шаблон:Convert)
- Lac de Moron (elevation Шаблон:Convert)
- Lac de Biaufond (elevation Шаблон:Convert)
Floods and seasonal variation
The rate of flow of the Doubs is very seasonally variable. The flooding or well-watered season can stretch from September to May, caused by heavy rains or by quick melting of snow from the Jura mountains. At its mouth, the discharge rate can vary from as low as Шаблон:Convert to over Шаблон:Convert during floods.
In Besançon, the largest floods have been in 1852 (Шаблон:Convert), in 1896 (Шаблон:Convert) and in 1910.
Hydroelectricity
As a mountain river with substantial discharge, the Doubs has been used for electricity generation. Among several hydroelectric stations, the most important are the Dam of Châtelot, Шаблон:Convert tall, and the Dam of Refrain, Шаблон:Convert tall.
In popular culture
The river is mentioned sixteen times in Stendhal's novel The Red and the Black (Le rouge et le noir).
See also
References
Шаблон:Wikisource1911Enc Шаблон:Commons category
Шаблон:France-river-stub
Шаблон:Switzerland-river-stub
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