Английская Википедия:Dragoman of the Fleet
Шаблон:Short description The Dragoman of the Fleet (Шаблон:Lang-ota;Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Lang-el) was a senior office in the Ottoman Empire, held by Phanariote Greeks during the 18th and early 19th centuries. As the chief deputy of the Kapudan Pasha, the Dragoman of the Fleet played a leading role in the administration of the various autonomous communities of the islands and coasts of the Aegean Sea that fell within the Eyalet of the Archipelago.
History
The office was established in 1701, in emulation of the Grand Dragoman of the Sublime Porte, which was also reserved for Phanariotes.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Indeed, the post of Dragoman of the Fleet often served as a stepping-stone to that of Grand Dragoman.Шаблон:Sfn The dragoman (the term means 'interpreter') had to be proficient in the "three languages" (Шаблон:Lang-ota) of Arabic, Persian, and Turkish that were commonly used in the empire, as well as a number of foreign languages (usually French and Italian),Шаблон:Sfn but his role went far beyond a mere interpreter. He was the official intermediary between the Kapudan Pasha, the commander-in-chief of the Ottoman navy who was also governor of the Eyalet of the Archipelago, and the mostly Greek and Christian islanders and inhabitants of the shores of the Aegean Sea during the annual expeditions of the Ottoman fleet for the collection of the taxes, as well as the resolution of administrative problems.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The post also entailed responsibilities for shipbuilding and naval operations.Шаблон:Sfn
The proceeds of the office were considerable, to the tune of 150,000 Шаблон:Transl, and led to intense competition among the Phanariotes to fill it. This competition involved extensive bribery of Ottoman officials, which was then recuperated from the Christian population by a special levy known as 'contribution to the new dragoman' (Шаблон:Lang). As the office often changed hands with great frequency, this became a great burden on the ordinary people.Шаблон:Sfn The dragoman also had a staff, which was also paid from impositions on the islands: a deputy (Turkish Шаблон:Transl, Greek Шаблон:Lang), a correspondence secretary, and a messenger.Шаблон:Sfn
Their role in the administration of the Aegean islands was considerable, as they had the right to apportion taxation, as well as supervise the autonomous local administrations by judging cases themselves or appointing appeal judges. They could impose various fines and penalties, up to the death penalty, which however required the consent of the Kapudan Pasha. Apart from their administrative duties, the dragomans actively promoted education, made donations to churches, codified the customary law of the islands, and intervened in disputes between Orthodox and Catholic islanders.Шаблон:Sfn
List of Dragomans of the Fleet
| Name | Portrait | Tenure | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ioannakis Porfyritis | 1701–1710Шаблон:Sfn | ||
| Constantine Ventoura | 1713–1731Шаблон:Sfn | ||
| Georgios Ramadani | 1731–1743Шаблон:Sfn | ||
| Nicholas Mavrogenes | Файл:Nicolae Mavrogheni.jpg | 1744–1750Шаблон:Sfn 1756–1759Шаблон:Sfn |
Subsequently, Prince of Wallachia (1786–1789) |
| Stefanos Dimakis | 1762–1763Шаблон:Sfn | ||
| Constantine Mourouzis | Файл:Constantin Moruzi.jpg | 1764–1765Шаблон:Sfn | Subsequently, Dragoman of the Porte (1774–1777)Шаблон:Sfn |
| Stefanos Mavrogenes | 1765Шаблон:Sfn | ||
| Nicholas Rosetti | 1765–1767Шаблон:Sfn | ||
| Manuel Argyropoulos | 1767–1768Шаблон:Sfn | ||
| Constantine Hangerli | Файл:Constantine Hangerli.jpeg | 1790–1797Шаблон:Sfn | Subsequently, Prince of Wallachia (1797–1799)Шаблон:Sfn |
| Alexandros Soutzos | Файл:Alexandru Sutu.jpg | 1797–1799Шаблон:Sfn | Subsequently, Dragoman of the Porte (1799–1801), Prince of Moldavia (1801–1802) and of Wallachia (1819–1821).Шаблон:Sfn |
| Шаблон:Ill | 1799–1800Шаблон:Sfn | Subsequently, Dragoman of the Porte (1808).Шаблон:Sfn | |
| Panagiotis Mourouzis | 1803–1806Шаблон:Sfn | Subsequently, Dragoman of the Porte (1809–1812).Шаблон:Sfn | |
| Michael Hangerli | 1806–1807Шаблон:Sfn | 1st term.Шаблон:Sfn | |
| Шаблон:Ill | 1809Шаблон:Sfn | Subsequently, Dragoman of the Porte (1812–1817)Шаблон:Sfn | |
| Michael Hangerli | 1810–1811Шаблон:Sfn | 2nd term.Шаблон:Sfn | |
| Constantine Mavrogenes | 1811–1816Шаблон:Sfn | ||
| Michael Manos | 1816–1818Шаблон:Sfn | ||
| Michael Mourouzis | 1818–1821Шаблон:Sfn |
References
Sources
Further reading
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- Dragomans of the Fleet
- Phanariotes
- 1701 establishments in the Ottoman Empire
- 1821 disestablishments in the Ottoman Empire
- Ottoman Greece
- Lists of office-holders in the Ottoman Empire
- Government of the Ottoman Empire
- Ottoman Navy
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
