Английская Википедия:Driver licences in Australia

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use Australian English Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox Identity document Driver licences in Australia refer to the official permit required for a person to legally drive a motor vehicle in Australia. The issue of driver licences, alongside the regulation and enforcement of road use, are all managed by state and territory governments.

As no Australia-wide licensing scheme exists, rules for the issue of licences vary by jurisdiction. Nevertheless, licences are generally recognised and valid in other states and territories. Since 1997, nationwide uniform arrangements have been in place for the regulation of full drivers licences for motor vehicles, as well as their renewal.

Australia's lack of identity cards has led to driving licences becoming the de facto photo ID used in everyday situations. In 2017, the federal government proposed creation of a national drivers licence database that would involve state or territory governments handing over the identities of drivers in a stated bid to toughen national security laws. The national ID database would be used to monitor public events, but could be transferred to a national drivers licence system with agreement from the states.

Classes of licences

All states and territories in Australia have a uniform driver licence system.

Class	Type	Description
C	Car licence	Covers vehicles up to 4.5 tonnes gross vehicle mass (GVM). GVM is the maximum allowed weight of the vehicle when loaded. The licence allows the holder to drive cars, utilities, vans, some light trucks, car-based motor tricycles, tractors and implements such as graders, vehicles that seat up to 12 adults, including the driver.
R	Rider licence	Applies to motorcycle riders with any registrable motorcycle.
RE	Restricted Rider licence	Covers motorcycles matching the LAMS (Learner Approved Motorcycle Scheme) list of motorcycles of each state. Generally this means abiding by a power-to-weight ratio and a total engine size limit. Riders must hold this licence for 12 months before being permitted to upgrade to a R class motorcycle licence.
LR	Light Rigid licence	Covers a rigid vehicle with a GVM of more than 4.5 tonnes up to 8 tonnes. Any towed trailer must not weigh more than 9 tonnes GVM. This class also includes vehicles with a GVM up to 8 tonnes which carry more than 12 adults including the driver. A holder of a LR licence is also permitted to drive vehicles in class C.
MR	Medium Rigid licence	Covers a rigid vehicle with 2 axles and a GVM of more than 8 tonnes. Any towed trailer must not weigh more than 9 tonnes GVM. A holder of a MR licence is also permitted to drive vehicles in class LR and lower.
HR	Heavy Rigid licence	Covers a rigid vehicle with 3 or more axles and a GVM of more than 8 tonnes. Any towed trailer must not weigh more than 9 tonnes GVM. This class also includes articulated buses. A holder of an HR licence is also permitted to drive vehicles in class MR and lower.
HC	Heavy Combination licence	Covers heavy combination vehicles like a prime mover towing a semi-trailer, or rigid vehicles towing a trailer with a GVM of more than 9 tonnes. A holder of an HC licence is also permitted to drive vehicles in class HR and lower.
MC	Multi-Combination licence	Covers multi-combination vehicles like road trains and B-double vehicles. A holder of an MC licence is also permitted to drive vehicles in class HC and lower.

The medical standards for drivers of commercial vehicles are set by the National Transport Commission and Austroads.

The driver of a vehicle carrying paying passengers (such as a school bus or tourist coach) is required to hold a driver licence depending on the size of the vehicle as well as a "Public Passenger Vehicle Driver Authority" which is issued by the state or territory Ministry of Transport.

Some states issue driver's licences for particular transmissions only. Drivers with an automatic-approved licence are not able to drive manual-transmission vehicles, whereas manual-approved drivers are able to operate both. States such as South Australia have no such differentiation, and can drive both regardless of which they learnt with.

Car licences – rules by jurisdiction

Terms

The official nomenclature for car licences varies in the states and territories, for example, "Driver's Licence" or "Driver Licence". However, "Driver's Licence" is most commonly used.

The official names for learners also vary, for example, "Learner Driver Licences" or "Learner's Permit", although they are commonly referred to as "L-platers".

Graduated Licensing System comparison between states and territories

Jurisdiction	Driver licence issuing authority	Minimum age for learner permit	Minimum supervised hours to get Ps	Minimum age for P1 licence	Minimum age for P2 licence	Minimum age for full/open licence	Validity of full/open licence
Australian Capital Territory	Access Canberra (Road Transport Authority)	15 years, 9 months	100 hours (aged under 25)Шаблон:Efn 50 hours (aged 25+)Шаблон:Efn	17 years	18 years	20 years	10 years or 5 yearsШаблон:Efn
New South Wales	Transport for NSW	16 years	120 hours (aged under 25)Шаблон:Efn	17 years	18 years	20 years	10 years, 5 years, 3 years, or 1 yearШаблон:Efn
Northern Territory	Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Logistics (Motor Vehicle Registry)	16 years	None	16 years, 6 months	N/AШаблон:Efn	18 years, 6 monthsШаблон:Efn	10 years, 5 years, 2 years, or 1 year
Queensland	Department of Transport and Main Roads	16 years	100 hours (aged under 25)Шаблон:Efn	17 years	18 years	20 years	5 years to 1 yearШаблон:Efn
South Australia	Department for Infrastructure and Transport	16 years	75 hoursШаблон:Efn	17 years	18 years	20 years	10 years to 1 yearШаблон:Efn
Tasmania	Department of State Growth (Motor Vehicle Registry)	16 yearsШаблон:Efn	80 hoursШаблон:Efn	17 years	18 years	20 years	5 years to 1 year
Victoria	VicRoads	16 years	120 hours (aged under 21)Шаблон:Efn	18 years	19 years	22 years	10 years or 3 yearsШаблон:Efn
Western Australia	Department of Transport	16 years	50 hours (aged under 25)Шаблон:Efn	17 years	17 years, 6 months	19 years	5 years or 1 yearШаблон:Efn

P plate rules comparison between states and territories

Jurisdiction	Plate style	Minimum age	Probationary period	Speed restrictions	Passenger/driving time restrictions	Mobile phone and device restrictions	Vehicle restrictions	Trailer restrictions
Australian Capital Territory	Файл:New South Wales registration plate P1 Probationary Driver.png	17 years	1 yearШаблон:Efn	Posted speed limit	One passenger between 11pm and 5am who is aged between 16 and 22 years except family membersШаблон:Efn	Only navigation and playing audio, if mounted or inbuilt	No restrictions	Trailer must not exceed 750 kg GVM
	Файл:New South Wales registration plate P2 Probationary Driver.png	18 years	2 years		No restrictions			No restrictions
New South Wales	Файл:New South Wales registration plate P1 Probationary Driver.png	17 years	1 year	Шаблон:Convert	One passenger under 21 between 11pm and 5am unless exemptedШаблон:Efn	Not allowed at all	Power-to-weight ratio must not exceed 130 kW per ton, no significant engine modifications or other specifications, or data suggesting that it is a high risk for novice driversШаблон:Efn	Trailer must not exceed 250 kg when unloaded
	Файл:New South Wales registration plate P2 Probationary Driver.png	18 years	2 years	Шаблон:Convert	No restrictionsШаблон:Efn			No restrictions
Northern Territory	Файл:New South Wales registration plate P1 Probationary Driver.png	16 years, 6 months	2 yearsШаблон:Efn	Шаблон:Convert	No restrictions	Not allowed at all	No restrictions	No restrictions
Queensland	Файл:New South Wales registration plate P1 Probationary Driver.png	17 years	1 yearШаблон:Efn	Posted speed limit	One passenger under 21 between 11pm and 5am except immediate family membersШаблон:Efn	Not allowed at allШаблон:Efn	Power-to-weight ratio must not exceed 130 kW per ton, or engine has not been significantly modified to increase performanceШаблон:Efn	No restrictions
	Файл:New South Wales registration plate P2 Probationary Driver.png	18 years	2 years		No restrictions	Hands-free use of mobile phones/devices allowed
South Australia	Файл:New South Wales registration plate P1 Probationary Driver.png	17 years	1 year	Шаблон:Convert	Driving banned between 12am and 5am; cannot carry more than one passenger aged 16 to 20 years except immediate family membersШаблон:Efn	Not allowed at all	Power-to-weight ratio must not exceed 130 kW per ton, or no engine modifications after manufacture to increase performanceШаблон:Efn	No restrictions
	N/AШаблон:Efn	18 years	2 years		No restrictions	Hands-free use of mobile phones/devices allowed
Tasmania	Файл:New South Wales registration plate P1 Probationary Driver.png	17 years	1 year	Шаблон:Convert	Must not carry more than one peer passenger aged 16 to less than 22 excluding spouses/domestic partners or immediate familyШаблон:Efn	Not allowed at all	No restrictions	No restrictions
	Файл:New South Wales registration plate P2 Probationary Driver.png	18 years	2 yearsШаблон:Efn	Posted speed limit	No restrictions	Hands-free use of mobile phones/devices allowed
Victoria	Файл:Victoria registration plate P1 Probationary Driver.png	18 years	1 yearШаблон:Efn	Posted speed limit	Must not carry more than one peer passenger aged 16 to less than 22 excluding spouses/domestic partners and siblings/step-siblingsШаблон:Efn	Only navigation and playing audio, if mounted or inbuilt	Power-to-weight ratio must not exceed 130 kW per ton, or no engine modifications after manufacture to increase performanceШаблон:Efn	Not allowedШаблон:Efn
	Файл:Victoria registration plate P2 Probationary Driver.png	19 years	3 years		No restrictions			No restrictions
Western Australia	Файл:Victoria registration plate P1 Probationary Driver.png	17 years	6 months	Posted speed limit	Driving banned between 12am and 5amШаблон:Efn	Only to make or receive a phone call, listen to music/audio, or navigate	No restrictions	No restrictions
	Файл:Victoria registration plate P2 Probationary Driver.png	17 years, 6 months	1 year, 6 months		No restrictions

Australian Capital Territory

The driving age in the Australian Capital Territory is 17 years, but after obtaining a licence, a driver is subject to restrictions during a three-year probationary period.Шаблон:Citation needed

New South Wales

The minimum driving age in New South Wales is 16 years. The government introduced the Graduated Licensing Scheme in 2000 and therefore learners progress from a learner licence, to a provisional P1 licence, to a provisional P2 licence and finally to a full licence over an extended period of time. After obtaining a licence, a driver continues to be subject to restrictions during a three-year probationary period.Шаблон:Citation needed

Шаблон:Term Шаблон:Defn As of 20 November 2017, the Hazard Perception Test, became a requirement for learner drivers to progress to P1 Provisional licence.

P1 and P2 drivers are also prohibited from driving a vehicle with a power-to-weight ratio of or greater than 130 kilowatts per tonne as of 1 August 2014, replacing the previous law of being prohibited from driving vehicles with 8 or more cylinders and being turbocharged or supercharged (diesel vehicles exempt) If a P1 or P2 licence holder is disqualified by a court for a serious driving offence, they will have a one-passenger condition imposed on them at all times while on their P1 or P2 licence. It is also worth noting that any time a P1 or P2 licence is suspended or disqualified will NOT count towards the 12 months/24 months needed for the holder to progress to a P2/full licence.

Файл:New South Wales registration plate P2 Probationary Driver.png

A provisional P2 licence (commonly known as Ps and Greens) is gained after one year on P1 licence. The driver is restricted to a speed limit of 100 km/h, a zero alcohol limit and a maximum of seven demerit points; however, they are eligible to upgrade the class of their licence to those for heavier vehicles, to a maximum of a Heavy Combination (HC).Шаблон:Citation needed P2 drivers must conspicuously display a green-on-white "P-plate" on the exterior of the vehicle at all times. P2 drivers must hold the licence for two years before progressing to the next stage. From 1 December 2016, P2 licence holders will no longer be permitted to use a mobile phone at all while driving or riding.

Шаблон:Term These are ID cards issued for non-drivers by the Roads and Maritime Services.

Northern Territory

The learner licence may be obtained at age 16. Learner drivers may not use a mobile phone and must be supervised by a full licence holder and may not drive faster than 80 km/h. After holding the learner licence for six months a provisional licence may be obtained. Once the provisional licence is obtained, it must be held for a minimum of 2 years before obtaining the full Northern Territory licence.

Source: Northern Territory Department of Transport

South Australia

Note: Drivers on their provisional or learners licence follow their own state's imposed limits while driving in other states. While driving on a SA licence in states with a provisional and learner licence imposed maximum speed limit less than 100 km/h, drivers are able to still drive at 100 km/h, while local P and L platers are subject to their own state's restrictions, such as 90 km/h in New South Wales. This means that South Australian provisional or learner drivers may be pulled over more frequently than local drivers.

Tasmania

Шаблон:Update Шаблон:Glossary Шаблон:Term Шаблон:Defn As of 2 March 2015; L2 drivers have new speed restrictions in which they can drive at 90 km/h in a 90 or 100 zone and at 100 km/h in a 110 zone.

Note: there are no vehicle restrictions in Tasmania.

Victoria

The minimum driving age in Victoria is 18 years. A learner can drive at the age of 16 under the supervision of a fully licensed driver since 1966. After obtaining a licence, a driver continues to be subject to restrictions during a 4-year probationary period.

Western Australia

Шаблон:Update The driving age in Western Australia is 17 years. A learner can drive at the age of 16 under the supervision of a fully licensed driver. After obtaining a licence, a driver continues to be subject to restrictions during a 2-year probationary period. Шаблон:Glossary Шаблон:Term Шаблон:Defn

Note: there are no vehicle restrictions in Western Australia.

Graduated demerit points

As of 1 December 2010, the Western Australian Government introduced a new Graduated Demerit Point system for Novice Drivers (which includes L- and P-plate drivers). Under this system, a driver may accrue less than 4 demerit points within the first year of their provisional licence, and less than 8 points within the second year, before losing their licence. These limits include demerit points accrued before these 1- and 2-year periods.

Full driver's licence

The provisional licence automatically converts into a full driver's licence after the 2-year probationary period. Drivers with full driver's licences must drive with a blood alcohol content less than 0.05%, may accrue less than 12 demerit points before being disqualified, and may drive at up to 110 km/h (the maximum speed limit in the state). 'P' plate drivers may also drive up to 110 km /h, where permitted by the state.

WA has two classes of drivers licence: C which enables one to drive any vehicle weighing less than 4.5 tonnes C-A which enables one to drive any vehicle fitted with an automatic transmission and weighing less than 4.5 tonnes. Refer

Double or nothing

Drivers who have accrued 12 or more demerit points can choose to continue driving on a 12-month Good Behaviour Period. If more than two demerit points are accrued during the 12-month period (even on different fines), the licence is lost for twice the original disqualification period; usually 6 months (3 months x 2).

Identification

Шаблон:See also Australia does not have a national identity card, and driver's licences are commonly used as a means of photo identification. Photo cards are also available, especially for non-drivers. Beside identification, these may be used as proof of age for entry to venues which have age restrictions, such as premises where alcohol is sold.

Licences and photo cards are hologrammed, and contain a photograph, signature, the holder's address, and date of birth.

Electronic online identification can be (partly) established using a driver's licence for online applications for some services such as SIM card activation, and opening bank accounts.

The Australian Attorney-General's Department provides a document verification service that allows for validation of some licences.

Many issuing authorities such as NSW allow for an online check of the validity of a driver's licence.

Digital Driver Licences

New South Wales

The Digital Driver Licence was first trialled in Sydney's Eastern Suburbs, Dubbo and Albury before being rolled out statewide in October 2019. Under the system, Digital Driver Licences are available through the Service NSW app. The app allows licences to show dynamic content including demerit points, expiry date, suspension details and licence conditions. Drivers will continue to receive a physical licence card for backup purposes in addition to interstate and overseas usage.

South Australia

South Australia became the first state to officially roll out digital driver's licences via its mySA GOV smartphone app in October 2017. The app allows licences to show dynamic content including demerit points, expiry statuses and licence conditions.

Queensland

In 2020, Queensland trialled digital licences in the Fraser Coast Region. During the Fraser Coast test, users reported a 94 per cent satisfaction rating. The Queensland Government has announced plans to host another trial in Townsville in 2022 and a state-wide roll out in 2023.

Overseas licences

With the exception of the Northern Territory and Victoria, visitors with a temporary visa (other than a permanent visa) from other countries are conditionally permitted to drive with their current overseas drivers licence for the length of their stay. Conditions vary for every state and territory. Generally, drivers must carry their overseas licence with them. A certified translation or International Driving Permit is only required if the licence is not in English, and the original licence must be carried regardless. In NSW, once a driver becomes a permanent resident a local licence should be obtained generally within three months. In Victoria, a resident who is planning on staying for more than 6 months is not permitted to drive with an overseas licence for more than six months (calculated using the visa grant or Australia entry date, whichever is later).

Interstate travel

Interstate visitors are permitted to travel on their current Australian or New Zealand licence. They must obey the local road rules of that state. The differences in state laws have generated much confusion to visiting drivers, with many pushing for uniform federal road rules.

Interstate visitors on their L or P plates must follow the licence conditions set of their home state rather than conditions placed upon licence-holders of the state which they are visiting i.e, a driver holding an SA provisional licence who is visiting New South Wales is able to legally drive at 100 km/h, whereas a NSW provisional driver is restricted to 90 km/h.

Drivers who move interstate must apply for a new driver's licence within three to six months of moving depending on the state they are moving to. Unless a driving test is required, there is no charge for a conversion from a current interstate licence. Usually, licences are converted in the same day, to the same or equivalent class, or, in the case of the conversion of a non-GLS licence to a GLS system, a P1 or P2 licence is issued, depending on the length of time that the holder of the licence has been driving. The licence may need to be confirmed by obtaining a letter from the interstate licence issuing authority (on their letterhead) confirming the licence details (including first issue date) and status.

Drivers moving states may be eligible to upgrade their licence class, due to the varying age rules that apply in each state. For example, a Victorian learner driver who moves to NSW may be eligible to sit the driving test to obtain a P1 licence. However, drivers who are under 18 will not be able to obtain the same licence class in Victoria, where one must be at least 18 to do so. Another example is a Victorian over 25 moving to Tasmania, SA, QLD or WA will be able to obtain a full licence after having held their Ps for 12 months in Victoria despite the fact that the probationary period for over-21-year-olds in Victoria is 3 years.

Interstate commercial driving jobs

Most states do not allow a person to have an interstate commercial driving job if the person does not "reside" in that state. For example, a person with a Queensland Driver's Licence and Driver's Authority (a variation of the wording Driver's Accreditation) cannot obtain a commercial driving job in South Australia unless that person registers a "residential" address in South Australia, even though they may not live there, and swap over the Driver's Licence and obtain a new Driver's Accreditation.

Suspension or cancellation of licence

Шаблон:Main Each state has a demerit points system that leads to the suspension of a driver's licence if the demerit point threshold is reached. The rules vary, but road authorities share information about interstate offenses.

In all states, drivers holding a full, unrestricted licence will be disqualified from driving after accumulating 12 demerit points or more within a three-year period, except in New South Wales, where drivers are allowed 13 points in a three-year period. Those who can prove they are professional drivers are allowed an additional point. The minimum suspension period is three months, plus one further month for every extra four demerit points beyond the licence's limit, with a cap in most states of five months (for 8 points or more over the suspension trigger; e.g. 20 points or more on a full licence). An alternative to initially accepting the suspension, a driver can apply for a "good behavior" period of 12 months. In most states, drivers under a good behavior period who accumulate one or two further points (except in Victoria, which does not allow any further offences) have their licence suspended for double the original period.

Most states also provide for immediate suspension of a licence, instead of or in addition to demerit points, in certain extreme circumstances. These generally include offences for driving under the influence of alcohol or other drugs, or for greatly excessive speed.

In some circumstances, driver's licences can be cancelled, either immediately or by court order, such as for anti-social driving activity, popularly known as hooning.

Drivers on their learner's or provisional licence who accrue more than 4 demerit points can sometimes enter a "good behavior" system, in which they are given a licence with 1 maximum demerit point for a certain amount of time.

See also

• Australian state and territory issued identity photo cards

External links

• South Australia Department for Infrastructure and Transport
• The Roads and Maritime Service of New South Wales
• A ‘Demonstration’ Driver Knowledge Test for Learner Drivers
• Road Users Handbooks (PDF)