Английская Википедия:Drum dance
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates
Dances centered around drums are performed in many cultures. Anthropologists sometimes refer to these as "drum dances". Drum dances may have various kinds of spiritual or social significance.
Kalahari Desert
Anthropologist Richard Katz reports on a drum dance that the !Kung people in the Kalahari Desert perform. In !Kung, the dance is called !Gwah tsi.[1] The dance takes a few hours. Women dancers form a horseshoe shape around a male drummer. The dancers may experience a spiritual sensation called kia while they dance.[2]
North America
Dene and Slavey
When Dene drum dances are performed, the performers aim to get their audience to dance. If everyone in the audience gets up, the style of music changes. At some point in the cycle, the drummers stop drumming and the audience and performers sing and dance together.Шаблон:Sfn
Slavey perform a drum dance led by a group of frame drum players. The Slavey drum dance has components including the tea dance and round dance.Шаблон:Sfn
Haudenosaunee
As of 1985, a drum dance was performed on the Six Nations of the Grand River. It was led by a drum player, who also sang, assisted by a horn rattle performer.Шаблон:Sfn Anthropologist Gertrude Prokosch Kurath watched drum dances at the Six Nations reserve and reported that the dance had four major parts: (1) an introduction, (2) the procession of dancers into the longhouse followed by singing, (3) a set of chants and prayers, and (4) a recapitulation of part 2, the singing phase.Шаблон:Sfn
Innu
Innu drum dances or circle dances are called innuniminanu. Innuniminanu are performed with only one drummer.[3]
Inuit
The Шаблон:Ill and throat singing are two traditional forms of Inuit music.[3] Inuit drum dance songs, or pisiq,[3] are typically based on a five-note scale.Шаблон:Sfn They usually have a strophic form.Шаблон:Sfn The drum played during the Inuit drum dance is called a qilaut.[3] Copper Inuit use the drum dance "to honour members of the family, to express gratitude, and to welcome and bid farewell to visitors".Шаблон:Sfn Jean-Jacques Nattiez describes a drum dance in Igloolik as an "endurance competition" in which performers are tested on their recall of songs and ability to keep performing as long as possible.[4]
Ojibwe
The drum used for Ojibwe drum dances, sometimes called the "dream drum", has been considered sacred.Шаблон:Sfn It may be treated as a living thing.Шаблон:Sfn
A story says that the dance drum was brought by a Sioux woman called Tailfeather Woman or Turkey Tailfeather Woman to the Ojibwe.Шаблон:Sfn According to the ethnomusicologist Thomas Vennum, this story is accurate and the events it describes likely occurred in the 1870s.Шаблон:Sfn Elaine Keillor says the date was 1877.Шаблон:Sfn
Several anthropologists agree that the Ojibwe drum dance, rooted in this origin story, derives from the grass dance.Шаблон:Sfn Vennum uses the word "society" to describe the groups that perform the grass and drum dances.Шаблон:Sfn Drum dance societies are composed of a drum owner, singers, and others.Шаблон:Sfn
Tłı̨chǫ
Tłı̨chǫ drum dances, called Eye t'a dagowo, happen at nighttime. Dancers move clockwise, single file, in a circle.Шаблон:Sfn
Yup'ik and Iñupiat
Yup'ik and Iñupiat drum dances are composed of repeated musical phrases. The drum played in these dances is called a suayaq or kilaun.[3] Nicole Beaudry, describing a Yup'ik drum dance she saw in Alaska in the late 1980s, says that there were four or five drummers who sat together on a bench, singing, surrounded by dancers. Sometimes, a drummer who wanted to dance would be replaced by one of the surrounding dancers.[5]
Papua New Guinea
Anthropologist Nancy Munn describes a drum dance done on Gawa Island, one of the Marshall Bennett Islands. The dance is generally held nightly at some point in the year. It is a way for young people to meet potential sexual partners. The dance occurs around a tree called the dabedeba tree; drummers and singers stand there when the dance is going on.[6]
Notes
Sources
Further reading
- Шаблон:Cite book Transcriptions of some songs played at Tłı̨chǫ drum dances.
