Английская Википедия:Dulcie Mary Pillers
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Bots Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Infobox artist Dulcie Mary Pillers Шаблон:Post-nominals (17 August 1891Шаблон:Spaced ndash2 December 1961) was an English medical illustrator and a founding member of the Medical Artists' Association of Great Britain (MAA). The daughter of a Bristol solicitor, she completed her art training at Kensington Government School of Art, Berkeley Square, Clifton, Bristol, graduating in September 1911 with an Art Class Teachers' Certificate.
At the end of World War I, she was a medical illustrator to Ernest William HeyШаблон:NbspGroves, a wellШаблон:Hyphenknown orthopaedic surgeon, at Beaufort War Hospital, a military orthopaedic centre in Stapleton, Bristol. After the armistice, she completed numerous pen and watercolour illustrations of operations at the Ministry of Pensions Hospital, Bath, and Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym. She also produced illustrations for papers written by medical colleagues at Bristol General Hospital.
In the 1920s, she was a member of the Bristol Venture Club, one of the first women's classification clubs. She was also a good amateur golfer and a member of the Bristol and Clifton golf club. In later life, she lived with her mother and sister, Irene Dorothy, a former inspector for the Board of Trade. She died at a nursing home in Stoke Bishop, Bristol, close to Sneyd Park. In 1989, her artwork, including ink drawings and colour illustrations of orthopaedic surgery, was exhibited at the British Orthopaedic Association conference. In 2013, her niece donated her artwork to the Royal College of Surgeons of England. Шаблон:TOC limit
Early life
Dulcie Mary was born on 17Шаблон:NbspAugust 1891,Шаблон:R at Glen Gariff, Chesterfield Road, [[Ashley (Bristol ward)#St Andrew's|StШаблон:NbspAndrew's]], Bristol,Шаблон:R the second daughter of Ernest James Pillers and Elizabeth Scott, Шаблон:Nee.Шаблон:RШаблон:Efn Elizabeth Scott was the daughter of Robert Barrett Webb,Шаблон:R a former partner in Laverton & Co, furnishers and upholsterers,Шаблон:R at Corn Street and Mary le Port Street in Bristol.Шаблон:RШаблон:Efn Ernest James was a Bristol solicitor and the son of a hop merchant. They had married on 4Шаблон:NbspSeptember 1889 at St Werburgh's Church, Bristol.Шаблон:RШаблон:Efn
Pillers' father had a troubled career as a solicitor in Bristol. In 1898, he was charged with forging shares in the Fishponds and Bedminster Brick and Tile Company and obtaining transfer deeds by false pretences,Шаблон:R though the case was settled the following year.Шаблон:R In 1905, his firm at StШаблон:NbspStephen's Chambers, Baldwin Street, Bristol, was embezzled by a shorthand clerk.Шаблон:R Subsequently, on 15Шаблон:NbspMarch 1905, a creditor petitioned for bankruptcy, and he was made bankrupt on 19Шаблон:NbspMay 1905.Шаблон:R He had been suffering from a long and painful illness,Шаблон:R and for this reason, his public examination on 2Шаблон:NbspJune 1905 was postponed.Шаблон:R He died only a few days later on Шаблон:Death date and age,Шаблон:R at 16Шаблон:NbspWithleigh Road, Knowle, Bristol.Шаблон:R His funeral was held at Arnos Vale Cemetery in the afternoon of the 7Шаблон:NbspJune 1905.Шаблон:R
After her father's death, the family moved from Withleigh Road to live with Pillers' maternal grandparents, the Webbs, at 20Шаблон:NbspBelgrave Road, Tyndalls Park.Шаблон:R In 1906, Pillers began corresponding with the "Children's Corner" section in the Bristol Times and Mirror,Шаблон:R that was edited by Florence Beatrice Hawkins, néeШаблон:NbspBird.Шаблон:RШаблон:Efn She entered the puzzle and painting competitions in that section, coming second in March 1907 for her "charming watercolour seascape, with softly coloured cliffs and brown rocks; also another clever painting of three kittens, and a third of a bunch of violets."Шаблон:R
Pillers' younger brother, Robert Kingsley, would also enter the newspaper competitions.Шаблон:R He was educated at the Merchant Venturers' technical college, gaining a scholarship to study automotive engineering at the University of Bristol.Шаблон:R He worked for Morgan and Wood, automobile engineers at 7 Unity Street, Bristol,Шаблон:RШаблон:Efn before being calledШаблон:Hyphenup to the Northamptonshire Regiment at the start of World War I.Шаблон:RШаблон:Efn He made the rank of lieutenant colonel and was appointed an OBE in the 1919 New Year Honours.Шаблон:R In World War II, he served as an educational officer in the Royal Air Force Educational Service, and was given the honorary (and matching) rank of wing commander.Шаблон:R
Pillers' elder sister, Irene Dorothy, was an inspector for the Board of Trade.Шаблон:R She was educated at Fairfield College for Girls,Шаблон:R Apsley Road, Clifton, Bristol,Шаблон:R and Skerry's College, 88, Park Street, Bristol, where in July 1920, she passed civil service entrance examinations, coming twelfth out of six hundred candidates.Шаблон:R In the 1930s, she was a member of the SouthШаблон:HyphenWestern and Wales regional branch of the Council of Women Civil Servants.Шаблон:R In 1951, she joined the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society, and later, moved to The Plain, Nympsfield, near Stroud, Gloucestershire.Шаблон:R She was elected to the Royal Archaeological Institute in 1961.Шаблон:R
Education
Pillers was educated at Kensington Government School of Art, known occasionally as "Kensington House School of Art",Шаблон:R 31Шаблон:NbspBerkeley Square, Clifton, Bristol.Шаблон:RШаблон:Efn The school was founded in 1890 by John Fisher,Шаблон:R with the objective of providing a grounding in drawing, sculpture, and design, for professional artists, designers, craftsmen, and art teachers. The school offered courses in artistic anatomy, architecture, decorative design, modelling, figure composition, and painting. There was also an annual exhibition of students' work.Шаблон:R William Stuart Vernon Stock, an anaesthetist at the 2nd Southern General Hospital in 1908,Шаблон:R was honorary lecturer in anatomy at the school.Шаблон:RШаблон:Efn
Pillers took courses in: Шаблон:Bulleted list
She graduated from the school in September 1911, aged Шаблон:Age, with an Art Class Teachers' Certificate.Шаблон:R At the end of July 1914, the school closed and moved to new premises at Broad Weir, Bristol,Шаблон:R to form the Municipal School of Industrial Art.Шаблон:R In December 1921, John Fisher retired through ill health,Шаблон:R and a year later, the school was closed permanently because of dwindling pupil numbers and escalating costs.Шаблон:R
Career
Шаблон:Multiple image Шаблон:Hatnote By 1918, Pillers was employed as a secretary and medical illustrator to Ernest William HeyШаблон:NbspGroves,Шаблон:R a wellШаблон:Hyphenknown orthopaedic surgeon.Шаблон:RШаблон:Efn He was commissioned captain in the Royal Army Medical Corps in World War I,Шаблон:R serving for a year at the surgical division of a general hospital in Alexandria, Egypt.Шаблон:R In 1917, Sir Robert Jones, Inspector of Military Orthopaedics,Шаблон:R recommended that he take charge of the military orthopaedic centre at Beaufort War Hospital in Stapleton, Bristol.Шаблон:RШаблон:Efn The war was one of the most destructive conflicts in human history, leaving over 750Шаблон:Nbspthousand British troops dead with 1.6Шаблон:Nbspmillion injured, the majority with orthopaedic injuries.Шаблон:R At least half the patients arriving at Beaufort had compound fractures caused by shrapnel and gunshot wounds.Шаблон:R HeyШаблон:NbspGroves experimented with grafts and pins to stabilise the fractures and used medical illustrators to record the operations. At the time, photography was unable show enough detail of the interior of the body to be of use to surgeons.Шаблон:R Conversely, photography was used extensively for medical records, slides, and book illustration.Шаблон:R
HeyШаблон:NbspGroves wrote several standard textbooks on surgery for students and nurses, but before 1915, they contained few illustrations.Шаблон:RШаблон:Efn His 1915 book, Шаблон:Citeref, was illustrated by Lucy Marion Joll, known as Marion Joll, the younger sister of Cecil Augustus Joll,Шаблон:R who had proofread the book.Шаблон:RШаблон:Efn From January 1916, Cecil Gwendolen StШаблон:NbspLeger Russell worked with HeyШаблон:NbspGroves at Beaufort and Southmead Hospital as a "surgical draughtswoman",Шаблон:R illustrating his 1918 paper on the treatment of gunshot injuries to bone.Шаблон:RШаблон:Efn Pillers, with Russell, illustrated HeyШаблон:NbspGroves's first postШаблон:Hyphenarmistice paper, "Шаблон:Citeref", published in the January 1919 edition of the British Journal of Surgery.Шаблон:Sfn In December 1918, Russell married Niel Charles Trew, an American physician, born in Toronto,Шаблон:R who had worked at Beaufort during the war.Шаблон:RШаблон:Efn In March 1919, the Trews left Bristol for New York, and in consequence, Pillers became the sole medical illustrator to HeyШаблон:NbspGroves.Шаблон:R
After the war, Pillers completed numerous pen and watercolour illustrations of boneШаблон:Hyphengrafting operations.Шаблон:R In 1920, with Alexander Kirkpatrick Maxwell, she illustrated Arthur Rendle Short's book on physiology.Шаблон:Sfn She contributed to a number of papers on rheumatic and coronary artery diseases by Carey Coombs,Шаблон:Sfn including the 1926 Long Fox Memorial Lecture.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn In 1933, HeyШаблон:NbspGroves retired from the consulting staff of Bristol General Hospital and the University of Bristol medical school.Шаблон:R In the same year, Percy Phillips was appointed medical superintendent of Southmead Hospital,Шаблон:R with Pillers also working there.Шаблон:Sfn She continued to contribute to her colleague's medical papers, including sketches of bone crossШаблон:Hyphensections, that exhibited the typical features of renal rickets.Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Quote box HeyШаблон:NbspGroves died on 22Шаблон:NbspOctober 1944,Шаблон:R and in recognition of Pillers' "long and devoted service", he left her his casebooks and copyright in Шаблон:Citeref.Шаблон:R In 1945, the book was updated and edited by Sir Cecil Wakeley, with Pillers contributing new illustrations, and republished as the twelfth edition.Шаблон:Sfn On 2Шаблон:NbspApril 1949, she attended the founding meeting of the Medical Artists' Association of Great Britain at Nunnery Close, Upper Wolvercote, Oxford, the then home of Audrey Arnott and Margaret McLarty. Also present, amongst others, were Zita Blackburn and Dorothy Davison, elected honorary secretary and treasurer respectively, and David Tompsett, assistant prosector at the Royal College of Surgeons of England, who was elected chairman. At the following meeting in July 1950, it was agreed that those who had attended the first meeting would become founding members of the association.Шаблон:R
Personal life
In the 1920s, Pillers joined the Bristol Venture Club, one of the first women's classification clubs,Шаблон:R as an "anatomical artist".Шаблон:RШаблон:Efn She was an active participant in the club's membership committee and charitable activities.Шаблон:R However, in 1930, the club merged with the Soroptimist volunteer movement,Шаблон:R and she allowed her membership to lapse.Шаблон:R In the 1930s, she lived at 24Шаблон:NbspGoldney Road in Clifton,Шаблон:R and along with HeyШаблон:NbspGroves,Шаблон:R was a member of the Bristol and Clifton golf club.Шаблон:R She won a number of club medals at monthly competitions,Шаблон:R off an improving handicap of 25.Шаблон:RШаблон:Efn
Pillers' home at Goldney Road was damaged during the Bristol Blitz,Шаблон:R and by July 1941, she had moved to Kimbolton House, 2Шаблон:NbspMount Beacon in Lansdown, Bath,Шаблон:R close to the then Lansdown Grove Hospital, and now known as Haygarth Court.Шаблон:RШаблон:Efn In 1943, she returned to Clifton to live with her sister at Eaton Villa in Clifton Down.Шаблон:R She never married; nineШаблон:Nbspper cent of all British men under the age of fortyШаблон:Hyphenfive died during World War I. While many women remained unmarried due to the lack of available men, some women in this period remained single by choice or by financial necessity. Furthermore, careers such as medicine were opening up to women, but only if they remained unmarried.Шаблон:R
Death and legacy
Pillers' mother died on Шаблон:Death date and age at Downleaze Nursing Home,Шаблон:R 9Шаблон:NbspDownleaze, Stoke Bishop, Bristol, close to Sneyd Park.Шаблон:R Pillers died at the same nursing home on Шаблон:Death date and age and her remains were later cremated at Canford Cemetery, WestburyШаблон:HyphenonШаблон:HyphenTrym.Шаблон:R Her estate was administered by her niece,Шаблон:R Elizabeth Mary Marrian (known as "Biddy"), néeШаблон:NbspKingsley Pillers,Шаблон:R the only child of Pillers' brother, Robert Kingsley.Шаблон:R Marrian was a qualified doctor, a former research fellow at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center,Шаблон:R and until her retirement, director of medical studies at Girton College, Cambridge.Шаблон:RШаблон:Efn
In 1989, Pillers' artwork, including ink drawings and colour illustrations of orthopaedic surgery, was exhibited at the British Orthopaedic Association conference.Шаблон:R In 2013, Marrian donated around twentyШаблон:Hyphenfive illustrations by Pillers to the archives of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. In February 2015, Gordon Bannister, professor of orthopaedic surgery at the University of Bristol, presented a further seventyШаблон:Hyphenfive illustrations to the same archives.Шаблон:R In the same year, her life and career was chronicled by Samuel Alberti, then director of museums and archives at the Royal College of Surgeons of England (which includes the Hunterian Museum).Шаблон:R On 11Шаблон:NbspMarch 2015, he presented this research to the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, as part of a series of seminars organised by the Edinburgh History of Medicine Group.Шаблон:R In May 2015, he made a related presentation of her work to the Hunterian Society, at the Medical Society of London, entitled Watercolour, Woodcut and Wax: Medical Illustrations since Hunter.Шаблон:R
Publications
As medical illustrator
Publications detail
Adams
Coates and Coombs
Coombs
Coombs and Hadfield
Critchley
Davis and Phillips
Griffiths
Herson and Sampson
Hey Groves
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
Hey Groves, Fortescue‑Brickdale, and Nixon
Hill
Jackman
Jones and Hey Groves
Kyle
Mowat
Norgate
Price and Davie
Ratliff
Short
Wood
See also
Шаблон:Cols Шаблон:Bulleted list Шаблон:Colend
Footnotes
References
Further reading
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite thesis
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite journal Includes an illustration by Pillers of a bone graft operation conducted by Hey Groves at Bristol General Hospital.
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
External links
- The Pillers and Hey Groves collection at the Royal College of Surgeons of England Online Catalogue (Surgicat).
- Watercolour illustration of a bone graft operation, by Pillers, to repair the fractured radius of Private Humphries. The operation was conducted by HeyШаблон:NbspGroves and took place at Ward 8, Southmead Hospital, on 19Шаблон:NbspJune 1919.
- Doctors and surgeons at the Beaufort War Hospital in 1918, in the collections of the Glenside Museum. Pillers (front, second right), is photographed with HeyШаблон:NbspGroves (front, centre), and Cecil Gwendolen StШаблон:NbspLeger Russell (front, second left). Russell's first husband, Niel Charles Trew, is also pictured (back, first left).
- Watercolour, Woodcut and Wax, medical illustration around 1900, as part of the Edinburgh History of Medicine Group seminar series. Presented by Samuel Alberti, to the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, 9 Queen Street, Edinburgh, on 11 March 2015. Pillers' work is discussed in the video of the presentation at 32 minutes 34 seconds.
- Шаблон:Official website of the Medical Artists' Association of Great Britain.
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