Английская Википедия:Duwamish Tribe
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:About Шаблон:Infobox organizationThe Duwamish Tribe, officially known as the Duwamish Tribal Organization,[1][2] is a cultural heritage organization of individuals who identify as descendants of the Duwamish people (Шаблон:Lang-lut),[3] based in Seattle, Washington.[4]
The Duwamish Tribe is an unrecognized tribe. They are neither a federally recognized tribe[5] nor a state-recognized tribe.[6] They have petitioned for federal recognition as the Duwamish Indian Tribe several times, most recently in 2019, but were denied.[1] In 2022, the Duwamish Tribe filed a lawsuit against the Bureau of Indian Affairs as part of their effort to gain federal recognition.
The Duwamish Tribe has operated the Duwamish Tribal Services since 1979, a nonprofit dedicated to serving the needs of their members.
Organization
The Duwamish Tribal Services incorporated as a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization in 1979,[4]Шаблон:Unreliable source and receiving an IRS ruling in 1981.[7]Шаблон:Unreliable source
Officers of the organization include:
- President: Guadalupe Barnes (2022)
- Vice President: Cecile A. Hansen (2021)
- Chief: Charlie Sotiakum (2021)
- Secretary: John Cruce (2021)[4]Шаблон:Unreliable source
The nonprofit's assets in 2022 totaled $9,893,135.[4] In 2022, they received $4,663,578 in grants and contributions.[4] In 2021, the Network for Good donated $2,861,014 to the nonprofit. The American Online Giving Foundation and Group Health Foundation also provided grants in 2021.[4] In 2023, Seattle Pride provided a grant of $15,000.[4]
Petition for federal recognition
The Duwamish Indian Tribe, also the Duwamish Tribal Organization, unsuccessfully petitioned the US Department of the Interior for federal recognition.[1] They submitted their letter of intent in 1977. They were denied recognition effective on July 19, 2019.[1]
Led by Cecile Maxwell-Hansen, the Duwamish Tribal Organization chose to petition for federal recognition under the 1978 criteria, as opposed to the revised 1994 criteria.[8] In the 1996 proposed finding, the organization's petition was declined due to meeting four criteria for being a tribe but failing to meet three others.[9] The preliminary finding "found that the DTO [Duwamish Tribal Organization] was a new organization established in 1925" which did not "arise out of an earlier organization."[10]
The Bureau of Indian Affairs found that the historic Duwamish tribal members who signed the 1855 Treaty of Point Elliott known was the "D'Wamish and other allied tribes" belong to several federally recognized tribes.[11]
These treaty tribes moved to four reservations and the separate tribes and bands eventually consolidated as four reservation tribes that continue today as the Lummi Tribe of the Lummi Reservation, Suquamish Indian Tribe of the Port Madison Reservation, Swinomish Indian Tribal Community, and Tulalip Tribes of Washington. A few Duwamish tribal members moved to the Muckleshoot Reservation after its creation in 1857. The petitioner's ancestors, primarily Duwamish Indian women who married non-Indian settlers, did not go to the reservations with the treaty tribes. Rather, before and after the treaty, they left the tribes as individuals and families and, by the 1880s, lived dispersed throughout western Washington. There is no evidence that their descendants, who are the DTO's ancestors, maintained tribal relations with the “D'Wamish and other allied tribes” on the reservations or that they were a part of a community of similarly situated Duwamish descendants.[11]
The final determination also stated: "The DTO petitioner first came into existence in 1925 when eight men announced their 'intention of forming' an organization. No evidence indicates this new organization was a continuation of the historical “D'Wamish and other allied tribes” on the reservations or that it evolved as a group from them."[11]
In 2015, Representative Jim McDermott introduced a bill HR 2176 to extend federal recognition to the Duwamish Tribe; however, no actions were taken on the bill after its introduction.[12]
In May 2022, the Duwamish Tribe and Cecile Hansen filed a federal lawsuit against Secretary of the Interior Deb Haaland and the Bureau of Indian Affairs of the Department of the Interior in their efforts to obtain federal recognition.[13]
Activities
Duwamish Tribal Services owns and operates the Duwamish Longhouse and Culture Center.[7]
In 2017, non-Native fundraisers created a charity campaign, Rent Real Duwamish, to generate support and income for the organization.[13]
See also
Notes
References
External links
- Duwamish Tribe, Seattle, WA
- Duwamish Longhouse and Culture Center, Seattle, WA
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,5 4,6 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ McCaleb, "Final Determination," pp. 1–2
- ↑ McCaleb, "Final Determination," p. 4
- ↑ 11,0 11,1 11,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 13,0 13,1 Шаблон:Cite news
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