Английская Википедия:Dwarfie Stane
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates
The Dwarfie Stane is a megalithic chambered tomb carved out of a titanic block of Devonian Old Red Sandstone located in a steep-sided glaciated valley between the settlements of Quoys and Rackwick on Hoy, an island in Orkney, Scotland.[1] The stone is a glacial erratic located in desolate peatland.[2] The site is managed by Historic Environment Scotland.[3]
Description
The attribution as a tomb was originally based on its resemblance to recognized tombs in southern Europe.Шаблон:Sfnp The Dwarfie Stane is the only chambered tomb in Orkney that is cut from stone rather than built from stones[4] and may be the only example of a Neolithic rock-cut tomb in Britain.[5] However, despite its unique construction, its plan is consistent with the so-called Orkney-Cromarty class of chambered tomb found throughout Orkney.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp Some authors have referred to this type of tomb as Bookan-class, after a chambered cairn in Mainland,Шаблон:Sfnp although there is some disagreement as to the relationship between the two tomb types.
A stone slab originally blocked the entrance to the tomb on its west side, but now lies on the ground in front of it.Шаблон:Sfnp It is unique in northern Europe, bearing similarity to Neolithic or Bronze Age tombs around the Mediterranean. R. Castleden refers to the Dwarfie Stane as representing "the imported idea of the rock-cut tomb" that was "tried once and found to be unsatisfactory",Шаблон:Sfnp perhaps due to the hardness,Шаблон:Citation needed as it has been described as being built from "extremely compact" Old Red Sandstone by folklorist Hugh Miller who was also a stonemason by trade.Шаблон:Sfnp There is no direct evidence, however, of any link to the builders of the Mediterranean rock-cut tombs.
The stone is Шаблон:Convert long, by Шаблон:Convert wide and up to Шаблон:Convert high.[6] The entrance is a Шаблон:Convert square cut out of the west side of the rock. Inside the tomb is a passage Шаблон:Convert long and two side cells measuring Шаблон:Convert by Шаблон:Convert. Both the passage and the side cells are Шаблон:Convert high.Шаблон:Sfnp Right, southern cell has a "pillow" of uncut rock at its inner end.Шаблон:Sfnp
History
The tomb has been plundered by making an opening through the roof of the chamber. The time of this event is not known, but the hole in the roof had been noted by the 16th century. The hole was repaired with concrete in the 1950s or 1960s.[2]
The name is derived from local legend that a dwarf named Trollid lived there, although, ironically, the tomb has also been claimed as the work of giants.Шаблон:Sfnp Its existence was popularised in Walter Scott's novel The Pirate published in 1821.[5]
There is a variety of 18th- and 19th-century graffiti on the rock-cut tomb. One is an inscription in Persian calligraphy that states "I have sat two nights and so learnt patience" left by Captain William Mounsey, who camped here in 1850.[5][7] Above the Persian is Mounsey's name written backwards in Latin.
See also
- Prehistoric Orkney
- Ring of Brodgar
- Standing Stones of Stenness
- Maeshowe
- World Heritage Sites in Scotland
- Timeline of prehistoric Scotland
References
Bibliography
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Citation
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
Шаблон:Prehistoric Orkney Шаблон:European Standing Stones
- ↑ "The Dwarfie Stane, Hoy" Orkneyjar. Retrieved 27 May 2010.
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Dwarfie Stante Historic Environment Scotland.
- ↑ Laing 1974, p. 48
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 "Hoy, Dwarfie Stane" Шаблон:Webarchive RCAHMS. Retrieved 27 May 2010.
- ↑ Ritchie 1995, p. 121
- ↑ "Orkney: Peace with all the trappings of war (21 Feb 2001) telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 27 May 2010.
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- 3rd-millennium BC architecture in Scotland
- Archaeological sites in Orkney
- Stone Age sites in Scotland
- Prehistoric Orkney
- Historic Scotland properties in Orkney
- Scheduled monuments in Scotland
- Neolithic Scotland
- Chambered cairns in Scotland
- Hoy, Orkney
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
