Английская Википедия:Dz (digraph)
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Distinguish Dz is a digraph of the Latin script, consisting of the consonants D and Z. It may represent Шаблон:IPAslink, Шаблон:IPAslink, or Шаблон:IPAslink, depending on the language.
Usage by language
Dz generally represents Шаблон:IPAslink in Latin alphabets, including Hungarian, Kashubian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Polish, Slovak, and romanized Macedonian. However, in Dene Suline (Chipewyan) and Cantonese Pinyin it represents Шаблон:IPAslink, and in Vietnamese it is a pronunciation respelling of the letter D to represent Шаблон:IPA.[1]
Esperanto
Some Esperanto grammars, notably Plena Analiza Gramatiko de Esperanto,[2] consider dz to be a digraph for the voiced affricate Шаблон:IPAblink, as in edzo "husband". The case for this is "rather weak".[3] Most Esperantists, including Esperantist linguists (Janton,[4] Wells[5]), reject it.
Hungarian
Шаблон:Angle bracket is the seventh letter of the Hungarian alphabet. It is called dzé (Шаблон:IPA-hu) as a letter of the alphabet, where it represents the voiced alveolar affricate phoneme Шаблон:IPAslink.
⟨Dz⟩ and ⟨dzs⟩ were recognized as individual letters in the 11th edition of Hungarian orthography (1984).[6] Prior to that, they were analyzed as two-letter combinations ⟨d⟩+⟨z⟩ and ⟨d⟩+⟨zs⟩.
Length
Like most Hungarian consonants, the sound Шаблон:IPA can be geminated. However, the letter is only doubled in writing (to Шаблон:Angle bracket) when an assimilated suffix is added to the stem: eddze, lopóddzon.
In several words, it is pronounced long, e.g. bodza, madzag, edz, pedz. In some other ones, short, e.g. dzadzíki, dzéta, Dzerzsinszkij (usually at the beginning of words), though it is always short after another consonant (e.g. in brindza).
In several verbs ending in -dzik (approximately fifty), there is a free alternation with -zik, e.g. csókolódzik or csókolózik, lopódzik or lopózik. In other verbs, there is no variation: birkózik, mérkőzik (only with Шаблон:Angle bracket) but leledzik, nyáladzik (only with Шаблон:Angle bracket, pronounced long). In some other verbs, there is a difference in meaning: levelez(ik) "to correspond", but leveledzik "to produce leaves".
Collation
Usage of this letter is similar to that of Polish and Slovak languages: though Шаблон:Angle bracket is a digraph composed of Шаблон:Angle bracket and Шаблон:Angle bracket, it is considered one letter, and even acronyms keep the letter intact.
Polish
Dz generally represents Шаблон:IPAblink. However, when followed by i it is palatalized to Шаблон:IPAblink.
Examples of dz
Шаблон:Audio (bell)
Шаблон:Audio (kind, type)
Compare dz followed by i:
Шаблон:Audio (child)
Шаблон:Audio (girl, girlfriend)
Slovak
In Slovak, the digraph dz is the ninth letter of the Slovak alphabet. Example words with this phoneme include:
- medzi = between, among
- hrádza = dam, dike
The digraph may never be divided by hyphenation:
- medzi → me-dzi
- hrádza → hrá-dza
However, when d and z come from different morphemes, they are treated as separate letters, and must be divided by hyphenation:
- odzemok = type of folk dance → od-ze-mok
- nadzvukový = supersonic → nad-zvu-ko-vý
In both cases od- (from) and nad- (above) are a prefix to the stems zem (earth) and zvuk (sound).
Vietnamese
Dz is sometimes used in Vietnamese names as a pronunciation respelling of the letter D. Several common Vietnamese given names start with the letter D, including Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Lang, and Шаблон:Lang. Whereas D is pronounced as some sort of dental or alveolar stop in most Latin alphabets, an unadorned D in the Vietnamese alphabet represents either Шаблон:IPA (Hanoian) or Шаблон:IPA (Saigonese), while the letter Đ represents a voiced alveolar implosive (Шаблон:IPA) or, according to Thompson (1959), a preglottalized voiced alveolar stop (Шаблон:IPA).[7] Z is not included in the Vietnamese alphabet as a letter in its own right.
Many Vietnamese cultural figures spell their family names, pen names, or stage names with Dz instead of D, emphasizing the Hanoian pronunciation. Examples include the songwriter Dzoãn Mẫn, the poet Hồ Dzếnh, and the television chef Nguyễn Dzoãn Cẩm Vân.[8] Other examples include Bùi Dzinh and Trương Đình Dzu.
Some Overseas Vietnamese residing in English-speaking countries also replace D with Dz in their names. A male named Шаблон:Lang may spell his name Шаблон:Lang to avoid being called "dung" in social contexts.[1] Examples of this usage include Vietnamese-Americans Việt Dzũng and Dzung Tran. (Occasionally, D is instead replaced by Y to emphasize the Saigonese pronunciation, as with Yung Krall.[9])
SEE
orthographies of phoneme Шаблон:IPAblink
Tibetan
Dzongkha
Unicode
Dz is represented in Unicode as three separate glyphs within the Latin Extended-B block. It is one of the rare characters that has separate glyphs for each of its uppercase, title case, and lowercase forms.
| Code | Glyph | Decimal | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| U+01F1 | Шаблон:Center | DZ | Latin Capital Letter DZ |
| U+01F2 | Шаблон:Center | Dz | Latin Capital Letter D with Small Letter Z |
| U+01F3 | Шаблон:Center | dz | Latin Small Letter DZ |
The single-character versions are designed for compatibility with Yugoslav encodings supporting Romanization of Macedonian, where this digraph corresponds to the Cyrillic letter Ѕ.
Variants
Additional variants of the Dz digraph are also encoded in Unicode.
- Шаблон:Unichar is used in the Croatian, Bosnian, and Slovak alphabets as a letter in its own right.
- Шаблон:Unichar is the all-capitals form of U+01C5 (Dž).
- Шаблон:Unichar is the lowercase form of U+01C5 (Dž).
- Шаблон:Unichar was historically used to represent the voiced alveolar affricate in the International Phonetic Alphabet.
- Шаблон:Unichar is the superscript form of U+02A3 and is an IPA superscript letter[10]
- Шаблон:Unichar was historically used to represent the voiced alveolo-palatal affricate in the IPA.
- Шаблон:Unichar is the superscript form of U+02A5 and is an IPA superscript letter[10]
- Шаблон:Unichar is used in Sinological and Tibetanist transcription for a voiced retroflex affricate.[11]
- Шаблон:Unichar is the superscript form of U+AB66 and is an IPA superscript letter[10]
- Шаблон:Unichar is a ligature of lowercase d and ezh (a z with a tail), formerly used in the IPA
- Шаблон:Unichar is the superscript form of U+02A4 and is an IPA superscript letter[10]
- Шаблон:Unichar is used in phonetic transcription[12][13]
- Шаблон:Unichar has been used in phonetic descriptions of Polish[14]
References
Шаблон:Reflist Шаблон:Latin script
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Kalocsay & Waringhien (1985) Plena analiza gramatiko de Esperanto, §17, 22
- ↑ van Oostendorp, Marc (1999). Syllable structure in Esperanto as an instantiation of universal phonology. Esperantologio / Esperanto Studies 1, 52 80. p. 68
- ↑ Pierre Janton, Esperanto: Language, Literature, and Community. Translated by Humphrey Tonkin et al. State University of New York Press, 1993. Шаблон:ISBN.
- ↑ J. C. Wells, Lingvistikaj Aspektoj de Esperanto, Universala Esperanto-Asocio, 1978. Шаблон:ISBN.
- ↑ http://real-j.mtak.hu/6065/1/MagyarNyelvor_1984.pdf p. 399
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ 10,0 10,1 10,2 10,3 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
