Английская Википедия:Dzongkha Braille
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox writing system
Dzongkha Braille or Bhutanese Braille, is the braille alphabet for writing Dzongkha, the national language of Bhutan. It is based on English braille, with some extensions from international usage. As in print, the vowel a is not written.
Despite Dzongkha and Tibetan using nearly the same alphabet in print, the braille alphabets differ radically, with Tibetan Braille closer to German conventions and assigned letter values according to different sound correspondences.
Alphabet
| Consonant | ka | kha | ga | nga | ca | cha | ja | nya |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ཀ | ཁ | ག | ང | ཅ | ཆ | ཇ | ཉ | |
| Braille | Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell |
| Consonant | ta | tha | da | na | pa | pha | ba | ma |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ཏ | ཐ | ད | ན | པ | ཕ | བ | མ | |
| Braille | Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell |
| Consonant | tsa | tsha | dza | wa | zha | za | 'a | ya |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ཙ | ཚ | ཛ | ཝ | ཞ | ཟ | འ | ཡ | |
| Braille | Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell |
| Consonant | ra | la | sha | sa | ha | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ར | ལ | ཤ | ས | ཧ | ཨ | |
| Braille | Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell |
The reversed letters used in Sanskrit loanwords are indicated with the diacritic Шаблон:Bc:
The vowel "a" is inherent in a consonant letter, and is not written explicitly. Other vowels are written after a consonant as in English Braille. When a vowel occurs at the beginning of a word, the vowel letter is carried by a null consonant ཨ Шаблон:Angle bracket:
| Vowels | a | i | u | e | o |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Print (on ཨ ) |
ཨ | ཨི | ཨུ | ཨེ | ཨོ |
| Braille | Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell |
| ka | ki | ku | ke | ko | |
| Print (on ཀ ) |
ཀ | ཀི | ཀུ | ཀེ | ཀོ |
| Braille | Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell |
Sanskrit vowel-marking includes:
- Шаблон:Braille cell ཨཿ aḥ, Шаблон:Braille cell ཨྃ aṃ,
as in ཀིཿ Шаблон:Braille cell kiḥ, ཀོྃ Шаблон:Braille cell koṃ.
It's not clear how conjuncts are indicated. However, the conjunct ཀྵ Шаблон:Bc kṣa in Sanskrit loans suggests that the 45 points Шаблон:Bc conjoin two consonants.
Punctuation
Digits are as in English Braille. Native punctuation (syllable divider, comma, stop) is:
| ་ | ། | ༎ | |
| Braille | Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell |
Roman punctuation differs from that of English Braille. The question and exclamation marks, for example, are prefixed by a point 6, Шаблон:Bc and Шаблон:Bc.
| “ ... ” | ( ... ) | [ ... ] | { ... } | |
| Braille | Шаблон:Braille cell...Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell...Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell...Шаблон:Braille cell | Шаблон:Braille cell...Шаблон:Braille cell |
References
- ↑ UNESCO (2013) World Braille Usage, 3rd edition.
