Английская Википедия:Dzuluinicob

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use shortened footnotes Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox former country Dzuluinicob, or the Province of Dzuluinicob or Ts'ulwinikob, (Шаблон:IPAc-en Шаблон:Respell; Шаблон:Small Шаблон:Lang-yua; Шаблон:Small Шаблон:IPA-myn) was a Postclassic Maya state in the Yucatán Peninsula of the Maya Lowlands.Шаблон:Notetag

Geography

Physical

Dzuluinicob encompassed, at least, most of the Belize River drainage basin.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Some scholars further locate the drainage basins of the New, Sibun, and Sittee Rivers within the province.Шаблон:Sfn

Political

Dzuluinicob bordered the Chetumal and Waymil provinces to the north, the Mopan and Manche Ch'ol territories to the south, and the Itza, Kowoj, and Yalain polities to the west.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

History

Pre-Columbian

With few notable exceptions, the ninth and tenth centuries of the Classic Maya collapse are thought to have been a period of gradual but marked political and demographic collapse in city-states within what would later become Dzuluinicob.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Though scarce little is known of the province's pre-Columbian history, given the aforementioned population glut, it has been suggested that Dzuluinicob emerged after a significant wave of immigration into the region.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn It has been further noted that such demographic influx may have been similar Шаблон:Em coincident with that which gave rise to the Peten Itza Kingdom, i.e. settlement by northerly aristocratic mayors and their households upon the collapse of Mayapan and consequent disintegration of the regional council of provincial governors.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Notetag The burgeoning province is thought to have grown Шаблон:Em closer to its western neighbours in Peten, given the observed similarity of their pre-Columbian material cultures, than to its northern neighbour, Chetumal, given the observed dissimilarity of their material cultures.Шаблон:Sfn

Columbian

Dzuluinicob is commonly thought to have been the last province conquered during the 1543–1544 Pachecos entrada.Шаблон:Sfn

Society

The province is thought to have been 'a major player in [southern Lowlands] cacao cultivation and trade.'Шаблон:Sfn It is further thought to have housed Muzul Maya residents, at least in the capital.Шаблон:Sfn

Legacy

Scholarly

None of Dzuluinicob's records are extant. Consequently, all scholarship on the province has relied on later Spanish records and modern archaeology. The province was first brought to attention by Grant D. Jones's 1989 Шаблон:Em, based on 1982–1983 archival research at the General Archive of the Indies.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Blockquote Aspects of the province as originally delineated have since come into question. For instance, while Jones placed Lamanai within Dzuluinicob, recent literature has noted that pre-Columbian material recovered from Lamanai 'is without any doubt distinctive from that [recovered] at Tipu,' such that 'it is hard to see them [Lamanai and Tipu] as part of a single "provincial" unit.'Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Notetag Similarly, while Jones originally glossed Шаблон:Lang as ‘foreign people,’ in keeping with scholarly consensus then, recent literature has noted that the term might rather mean ‘gentlemen’ or ‘members of the Ts’ul lineage.’Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Notetag

Notes and references

Full citations

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