Английская Википедия:E. L. Doctorow

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Edgar Lawrence Doctorow (January 6, 1931 – July 21, 2015) was an American novelist, editor, and professor, best known for his works of historical fiction.

He wrote twelve novels, three volumes of short fiction and a stage drama, including the award-winning novels Ragtime (1975), Billy Bathgate (1989), and The March (2005). These, like many of his other works, placed fictional characters in recognizable historical contexts, with known historical figures, and often used different narrative styles. His stories were recognized for their originality and versatility, and Doctorow was praised for his audacity and imagination.[1]

A number of Doctorow's novels and short stories were also adapted for the screen, including Welcome to Hard Times (1967) starring Henry Fonda, Daniel (1983) starring Timothy Hutton, Billy Bathgate (1991) starring Dustin Hoffman, and Wakefield (2016) starring Bryan Cranston. His most notable adaptations were for the film Ragtime (1981) and the Broadway musical of the same name (1998), which won four Tony Awards.Шаблон:NoteTag

Doctorow was the recipient of numerous writing awards, including the National Book Critics Circle Award which he was awarded three different times (for Ragtime, Billy Bathgate, and The March). At the time of his death, President Barack Obama called him "one of America's greatest novelists".[2]

Early life

Doctorow was born January 6, 1931,[3] in the Bronx, the son of Rose (Levine) and David Richard Doctorow, second-generation Americans of Russian Jewish extraction who named him after Edgar Allan Poe.[4] His father ran a small music shop.[5] He attended city public grade schools and the Bronx High School of Science where, surrounded by mathematically gifted children, he fled to the office of the school literary magazine, Dynamo, which published his first literary effort. He then enrolled in a journalism class to increase his opportunities to write.[6]

Doctorow attended Kenyon College in Ohio, where he studied with John Crowe Ransom, acted in college theater productions and majored in philosophy. While at Kenyon College, Doctorow joined the Middle Kenyon Association, and befriended Richard H. Collin.[7][8] After graduating with honors in 1952, he completed a year of graduate work in English drama at Columbia University before being drafted into the U.S. Army during the Korean War. In 1954 and 1955, he served as a corporal in the Signal Corps in West Germany.[9][10]

Back in New York after military service, Doctorow worked as a reader for a motion picture company; reading so many Westerns inspired his first novel, Welcome to Hard Times. Begun as a parody of western fiction, it evolved into a reclamation of the genre.[11] It was published to positive reviews in 1960, with Wirt Williams of The New York Times describing it as "taut and dramatic, exciting and successfully symbolic."[12]

When asked how he decided to become a writer, he said, "I was a child who read everything I could get my hands on. Eventually, I asked of a story not only what was to happen next, but how is this done? How am I made to live from words on a page? And so I became a writer."[13]

Career

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To support his family, Doctorow spent nine years as a book editor, first at New American Library working with Ian Fleming and Ayn Rand among others; and from 1964, as editor-in-chief at Dial Press, publishing work by James Baldwin, Norman Mailer, Ernest J. Gaines, and William Kennedy, among others.[14][15][16] During this time he published his second novel Big As Life (1966), which Doctorow has, subsequently, not allowed to be republished.[17]Шаблон:NoteTag

In 1969, Doctorow left publishing to pursue a writing career. He accepted a position as Visiting Writer at the University of California, Irvine, where he completed The Book of Daniel (1971),[18] a freely fictionalized consideration of the trial and execution of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg for giving nuclear secrets to the Soviet Union during the Cold War. It was widely acclaimed, called a "masterpiece" by The Guardian, and said by The New York Times to launch the author into "the first rank of American writers" according to Christopher Lehmann-Haupt.[19]

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Doctorow in 2014

Doctorow's next book, written in his home in New Rochelle, New York, was Ragtime (1975), later named one of the 100 best novels of the 20th century by the Modern Library editorial board.[20] His subsequent work includes the award-winning novels World's Fair (1985), Billy Bathgate (1989), and The March (2005), as well as several volumes of essays and short fiction.

Novelist Jay Parini is impressed by Doctorow's skill at writing fictionalized history in a unique style, "a kind of detached but arresting presentation of history that mingled real characters with fictional ones in ways that became his signature manner".[21] In Ragtime, for example, he arranges the story to include Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung sharing a ride at Coney Island, or a setting with Henry Ford and J. P. Morgan.[21]

Despite the immense research Doctorow needed to create stories based on real events and real characters, reviewer John Brooks notes that they were nevertheless "alive enough never to smell the research in old newspaper files that they must have required".[1] Doctorow demonstrated in most of his novels "that the past is very much alive, but that it's not easily accessed," writes Parini. "We tell and retell stories, and these stories illuminate our daily lives. He showed us again and again that our past is our present, and that those not willing to grapple with 'what happened' will be condemned to repeat its worst errors."[21]

Personal life and death

In 1954, Doctorow married fellow Columbia University student Helen Esther Setzer while serving in the U.S. Army in West Germany.[22][23] The couple had three children.[14]

Doctorow also taught at Sarah Lawrence College, the Yale School of Drama, the University of Utah, the University of California, Irvine, and Princeton University. He was the Loretta and Lewis Glucksman Professor of English and American Letters at New York University. In 2001, he donated his papers to the Fales Library of New York University. In the opinion of the library's director, Marvin Taylor, Doctorow was "one of the most important American novelists of the 20th century".[24]

Doctorow died of lung cancer on July 21, 2015, aged 84, in Manhattan.[25] He is interred in Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx.

Awards and honors

Works

Novels

Short story collections

Nonfiction

Other

Notes

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References

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Further reading

External links

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Book reviews

Шаблон:NBA for Fiction 1975–1999 Шаблон:E. L. Doctorow Шаблон:Portalbar Шаблон:Authority control

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 "E.L. Doctorow Dies at 84; Literary Time Traveler Stirred Past Into Fiction", The New York Times, July 21, 2015
  2. ↑ "US novelist EL Doctorow dies at 84", BBC, July 22, 2015
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  4. ↑ Wutz, Michael. "The E.L. Doctorow I Remember", Newsweek, July 22, 2015
  5. ↑ Intersections: E.L. Doctorow on Rhythm and Writing, June 28, 2004.
  6. ↑ American Conversation: E.L. Doctorow Шаблон:Webarchive, September 25, 2008.
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  9. ↑ "Beloved Historical Fiction Author E.L. Doctorow Dead At 84", Huffington Post, July 21, 2015
  10. ↑ "E.L. Doctorow, acclaimed author of historical fiction, dies at 84", PBS, July 21, 2015
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  12. ↑ Williams, Wirt. "'Welcome to Hard Times'", The New York Times, September 25, 1960
  13. ↑ "EL Doctorow, author of Ragtime and Billy Bathgate, dies in New York aged 84", The Guardian, U.K., July 22, 2015
  14. ↑ 14,0 14,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  15. ↑ 15,0 15,1 15,2 Шаблон:Cite news
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
  19. ↑ Review of 'The Book of Daniel', The New York Times, June 7, 1971.
  20. ↑ "Modern Library: 100 Best Novels". Random House. Retrieved September 5, 2008.
  21. ↑ 21,0 21,1 21,2 "E.L. Doctorow's gift", CNN, July 22, 2015
  22. ↑ Contemporary Jewish-American Novelists: A Bio-critical Sourcebook (1997) by Joel Shatzky and Michael Taub, pp. 54
  23. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  24. ↑ "From Ragtime to Our Time E.L. Doctorow Donates His Papers to NYU’S Fales Library", New York University, April 19, 2001
  25. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  26. ↑ Ragtime wins the National Book Critics Circle Award. History Channel. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
  27. ↑ "National Book Awards – 1986". NBF. Retrieved March 26, 2012.
  28. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  29. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  30. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  31. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  32. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  33. ↑ The William Dean Howells Medal Шаблон:Webarchive. American Academy of Arts and Letters. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
  34. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  35. ↑ "National Humanities Medal: Nominations", NEH.gov. Retrieved March 26, 2012.
  36. ↑ E.L. Doctorow. Tulsa Library Trust's Peggy V. Helmerich Distinguished Author Award. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
  37. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  38. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  39. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  40. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  41. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  42. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  43. ↑ 2012 PEN/Saul Bellow Award for Achievement in American Fiction. PEN American Center. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
  44. ↑ James McBride wins US National Book Award, BBC News, November 21, 2013
  45. ↑ Gold Medal Шаблон:Webarchive. American Academy of Arts and Letters. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
  46. ↑ Alison Flood. "E.L. Doctorow wins Library of Congress prize for American fiction", The Guardian, April 17, 2014. Retrieved December 19, 2014.
  47. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  48. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  49. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  50. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  51. ↑ "'Jack London, Hemingway and the Constitution'", The New York Times, November 4, 1993
  52. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  53. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  54. ↑ Conversations with E.L. Doctorow (1999) by E.L. Doctorow and Christopher D. Morris, chronology
  55. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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