Английская Википедия:E Line (Los Angeles Metro)

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Use American English Шаблон:Infobox rail line

The E Line (formerly the Expo Line from 2012–2019) is a Шаблон:Convert[1] light rail line in Los Angeles County, California, running between Santa Monica and East Los Angeles. It is one of the six lines in the Los Angeles Metro Rail system and is operated by the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (Metro).

The western portion of the E line was originally named the Expo Line after Exposition Boulevard, along which it runs for most of its route;[2][3] the line was renamed the E Line in late 2019, while retaining the aqua-colored line and icons used to designate it on maps.[4] After the Regional Connector opened on June 16, 2023, the original E Line was joined with the Eastside portion of the L Line to create the current extended E Line, which is colored gold on maps.[5][6]

Service description

Hours and frequency

Шаблон:LA Metro hours and frequency

Time 4A 5A 6-7A 8A 9A-1P 2-6P 7P 8P-12A
Weekdays 20 8-20 8 8-10 10 8 10 20
Weekends/Holidays 20 12-20 10 10-15 20

Speed

Short segments of the E Line are certified for speeds of up to Шаблон:Convert, but service speeds are much slower.[7] All trips on the Шаблон:Convert mile line[1] are scheduled at 69 minutes end-to-end,[8] an average speed of Шаблон:Convert.

The E Line has drawn criticism for its slow speed, especially on its western segment. To improve reliability, the Los Angeles Department of Transportation (LADOT) continues to work with Metro to adjust traffic signals on Exposition Boulevard in favor of trains, and proposals have been made to reconstruct the junction of the A Line and E Line to speed up trains.[9]

Station listing

The following is the complete list of stations, from west to east:

Station Date Opened City/Neighborhood Major Connections and Notes[10][11]
Шаблон:LAMs May 20, 2016 Santa Monica
Шаблон:LAMs Park and ride: 65 spaces
Шаблон:LAMs
Шаблон:LAMs West Los Angeles Park and ride: 217 spaces
Шаблон:LAMs Park and ride: 260 spaces
Шаблон:LAMs Los Angeles (Rancho Park)
Шаблон:LAMs Los Angeles (Palms)
Шаблон:LAMs June 20, 2012 Culver City Park and ride: 300 spaces
Шаблон:LAMs April 28, 2012 Los Angeles (West Adams) Park and ride: 494 spaces
Шаблон:LAMs
Шаблон:LAMs June 20, 2012
Шаблон:LAMs April 28, 2012 Los Angeles (Jefferson Park) Шаблон:LACMTA icon
Park and ride: 450 spaces (closed Sunday)
Шаблон:LAMs Los Angeles (Exposition Park)
Шаблон:LAMs
Шаблон:LAMs Los Angeles (University Park)
Шаблон:LAMs
Шаблон:LAMs Los Angeles (North University Park) Шаблон:LACMTA icon
Шаблон:LAMs July 14, 1990 Los Angeles (Downtown) Шаблон:LACMTA icon strip
Шаблон:LAMs February 15, 1991 Шаблон:LACMTA icon strip
Шаблон:LAMs June 16, 2023 Шаблон:LACMTA icon strip
Шаблон:LAMs Шаблон:LACMTA icon strip
Шаблон:LAMs November 15, 2009 Los Angeles (Little Tokyo/Arts District) Шаблон:LACMTA icon
Шаблон:LAMs Los Angeles (Boyle Heights)
Шаблон:LAMs
Шаблон:LAMs
Шаблон:LAMs East Los Angeles Park and ride: 42 spaces
Шаблон:LAMs
Шаблон:LAMs
Шаблон:LAMs Park and ride: 289 spaces

Ridership

Шаблон:Div flex row

Annual ridership
Year Ridership Шаблон:Abbr
2012 4 141 440
2013 8 659 229 Шаблон:Change
2014 9 818 027 Шаблон:Change
2015 9 834 541 Шаблон:Change
2016 13 376 428 Шаблон:Change
2017 19 030 229 Шаблон:Change
2018 19 413 884 Шаблон:Change
2019 18 269 068 Шаблон:Change
2020 8 308 144 Шаблон:Change
2021 7 939 241 Шаблон:Change
2022 9 381 013 Шаблон:Change
2023 11 586 541

Шаблон:Change

Source: Metro[12]

Шаблон:Graph:Chart Шаблон:Div flex row end

History

Шаблон:Main

Gold Line Eastside Extension

Шаблон:Main

Файл:TBM cutter LA Metro Eastside Extension.jpg
Tunnel boring machine used to dig two subway stations on the LA Metro Gold Line Eastside Extension, now part of the E Line.

The oldest portion of today's E Line is the Gold Line Eastside Extension, the southern branch of the former Gold Line, and the first phase of the Eastside Transit Corridor. The Eastside Extension runs from Union Station east to Atlantic station in East Los Angeles, in a new right-of-way following 1st Street and 3rd Street.[13]

Service on the line began on November 15, 2009, with Gold Line trains running through Union Station northeast to Pasadena. This through service was in effect through 2020, extending to Azusa in 2016. The Gold Line was renamed the L Line in 2020, and split in two to prepare for construction of the Regional Connector. The Eastside Extension portion of the L Line then operated as an independent line until 2023, when it was merged into the E Line.[13][6]

Air Line becomes the Expo Line

Файл:Birds Eye View of Santa Monica, Cal. 102. graphic ..jpg
Steam train and horsecar in Santa Monica, 1894
Файл:LA Metro Expo Line IOS Opening weekend.jpg
April 2012 opening weekend celebration of the initial operating segment of the Expo Line (now E Line).

The E Line's western section largely follows the right-of-way used by the Los Angeles and Independence Railroad steam railroad, built in 1875.[14] The Pacific Electric company converted it to electric traction, and operated the line as the Santa Monica Air Line by 1920, with both freight and passenger services.[15] Passenger service ended in 1953, and freight service stopped in 1988.[16]

Local advocacy groups, including Friends 4 Expo Transit[17] supported the successful passage of Proposition C in 1990, which allowed the purchase of the entire right-of-way from Southern Pacific by Metro. In 2000, an urban art group called Heavy Trash placed signs advertising a fictional "Aqua Line." The signs, with the text "Coming Soon," showed a subway route extending along Wilshire Boulevard to the Pacific Ocean, with ten stations. Although the campaign was a hoax, it demonstrated newfound support and revealed the frustrations surrounding the lack of rail service connecting Santa Monica and the Westside with Downtown Los Angeles.[18][19] Metro released a Major Investment Study in 2000 which compared bus rapid transit and light rail transit options along what was later known as the "Mid-City/Exposition Corridor."[20]

Файл:E Line track through Cheviot Hills.jpg
Completed E line track passing through a residential area

A joint powers authority, the Exposition Metro Line Construction Authority, was formed by the California State Legislature in 2003 to plan, design, and construct the line. The authority was governed by appointees from Metro, Los Angeles County, and the cities of Los Angeles, Santa Monica, and Culver City.[21] After construction of the second phase was completed, the line was handed over on January 15, 2016, to the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority.[22]

The line was built in two phases; the first phase comprised the Шаблон:Convert[23][24] section between Downtown Los Angeles and Culver City. Construction began in early 2006, and most stations opened to the public on April 28, 2012.[24][25] Culver City station opened on June 20, 2012, in conjunction with the infill Farmdale station between Expo/La Brea station and Expo/Crenshaw station.[24][26]

Design and construction on the Шаблон:Convert[23] portion between Culver City and Santa Monica started in September 2011. Testing along the Phase 2 segment began on April 6, 2015,[27] and the segment opened on May 20, 2016.[28]

Regional Connector

Шаблон:Main The Regional Connector Transit Project constructed a Шаблон:Convert light rail tunnel through Downtown Los Angeles that connected the preexisting A and E Lines to the former L Line to allow for a seamless one-seat ride between the A and E Lines' previous terminus at 7th Street/Metro Center station to Union Station and the Eastside.[29]

Once the Regional Connector was completed, the alignment of the L (formerly Gold) Line was split into two parts at Little Tokyo/Arts District station, with the portion north of this station joined to the A Line, extending it to connect Long Beach with Azusa. The alignment east of Little Tokyo/Arts District station was assigned to the E Line, extending it to connect Santa Monica and East Los Angeles directly. At this time, the L Line ceased to exist as a separate line.

In 2019, Metro began using a renaming system where each rail and bus rapid transit line was rebranded with a letter name and an associated color to be used on maps and other wayfinding signs. As a result, the Expo Line became the E Line in 2019, and was recolored from aqua to gold upon completion of the Regional Connector Transit Project.[30][31][5]

The groundbreaking for the project took place on September 30, 2014, and it opened on June 16, 2023.[6]

Future developments

Eastside Transit Corridor

Шаблон:Main The Eastside Transit Corridor is a project to extend the line from its eastern terminus at Atlantic station to Lambert station in Whittier. Partially funded by Measure M, construction is programmed to start in 2029 with service beginning in 2035,[32] though the project may be accelerated as part Metro's plans to prepare for the 2028 Summer Olympics.

Operations

Файл:Expo line westbound near La Cienega.jpg
Interior of a westbound train, first day of operation to Culver City

On Metro Rail's internal timetables, the E Line is called line 804. Prior to the opening of the Regional Connector, it was line 806.

Maintenance facilities

The E Line is operated out of two divisions, Metro’s term for train maintenance and storage facilities.[33]

Division 14 is located east of Stewart Street and north of Exposition Boulevard in Santa Monica between Шаблон:LAMs and Шаблон:LAMs stations. The facility opened in 2016 with the completion of Phase 2.[34]

Division 21 is located at 1800 Baker Street between Elysian Park and the Los Angeles River in Chinatown between Шаблон:LAMs and Шаблон:LAMs stations on the A Line. The facility opened in 2003 for the first phase of the Gold Line.

Rolling stock

The E Line operates trains with three cars on weekdays and two on weekends, except for weekend days with major events in Expo Park.[33] The line currently uses one type of light rail vehicle; the Kinki Sharyo P3010.

Metro says that it takes 47 light rail vehicles to provide the maximum service on the E Line with 3-car trains running at 6-minute headways.

Bike pathways

Файл:Expo Line Bikeway sign with directional arrows.jpg
Bikeway directional sign under elevated track

Шаблон:Main The Expo Bike Path parallels the route of the light rail line between Шаблон:LAMs and Шаблон:LAMs stations. The bikeway includes a mixture of bike lanes on Exposition Boulevard and off-street paths alongside the rail tracks.[35]

Incidents

  • On November 29, 2018, a pedestrian was struck and killed. The man had been attempting to cross the tracks.[36]
  • On January 15, 2019, a passenger fell from the platform between the cars and was dragged to death. They "have not yet been able to identify the individual as pieces of the victim's body are spread out."[37]
  • On May 2, 2019, a man climbed a nearby construction crane and jumped to his death at Expo/Sepulveda station, landing on the tracks and temporarily halting transportation. Graphic footage of the incident was spread on social media websites, most notably Reddit.[38]

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category Шаблон:Attached KML

Шаблон:Los Angeles Metro Rail and Busway stations navbox Шаблон:Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority

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