Английская Википедия:E lucevan le stelle

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Файл:RomaCastelSantAngelo-2.jpg

Castel Sant'Angelo, the scene of the aria

"Шаблон:Lang" ("And the stars were shining") is a romantic aria from the third act of Giacomo Puccini's opera Tosca from 1900, composed to an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa. It is sung in act 3 by Mario Cavaradossi (tenor), a painter in love with the singer Tosca, while he waits for his execution on the roof of Castel Sant'Angelo.

<score>{ \new Staff \with { \remove "Time_signature_engraver" } \clef "treble_8" \key b \minor fis_"Range" a' }</score>

Written in B minor, it is one of the most famous opera arias. The vocal range extends from [[F♯ (musical note)|FШаблон:Music]]₃ to A₄. The aria is considered part of the spinto tenor repertoire.

The aria is introduced by a somber clarinet solo. The incipit of the melody (heard in outline earlier in the act, as the sky lightens and the gaoler prepares for the execution) is repeated on the lines "Шаблон:Lang" ("Oh, sweet kisses and languorous caresses"), and also restated in forte in the closing bars of the opera, as Tosca jumps from the ramparts. Шаблон:Listen

Libretto

Italian	Literal translation	Free translation
<poem>Шаблон:Lang</poem>	<poem>And the stars were shining, And the earth was scented. The gate of the garden creaked And a footstep grazed the sand... Fragrant, she entered And fell into my arms. Oh, sweet kisses and languorous caresses, While trembling I stripped the beautiful form of its veils! Forever, my dream of love has vanished. That moment has fled, and I die in desperation. And I die in desperation! And I never before loved life so much, Loved life so much!</poem>	<poem>When the stars were brightly shining ... And faint perfumes the air pervaded, Creaked the gate of the garden ... And footstep its precincts invaded ... 'Twas hers, the fragrant creature. In her soft arms she clasped me... With sweetest kisses, tenderest caresses, A thing of beauty, of matchless symmetry in form and feature! My dream of love is now dispelled forever. I lived uncaring and now I die despairing! Alas I die despairing! And never was life so dear to me, no never, So dear, no never!</poem>

Plagiarism suit

In 1920, the stage performer Al Jolson, together with Buddy DeSylva and Vincent Rose, wrote a popular song, "Avalon", about the town of the same name on Santa Catalina island. The following year, G. Ricordi, the publisher of Puccini's operas, sued all parties associated with the song, arguing that the melody was lifted from "Шаблон:Lang". Puccini and his publisher prevailed in the case and were awarded $25,000 in damages and all future royalties for the song.

Further reading

• Detailed musical analysis of the aria can be found in Mosco Carner, Giacomo Puccini, Tosca, Cambridge University Press, 1985, pp. 101–104 (Шаблон:ISBN) and in Julian Budden Puccini: His Life and Works, Oxford University Press, 2002, pp. 218–219 (Шаблон:ISBN).
• The text for the original version of the aria which Puccini later shortened for subsequent editions of the libretto can be found in Susan VanDiver Nicassio, Tosca's Rome: The Play and the Opera in Historical Perspective, University of Chicago Press, 2002, p. 307. (Шаблон:ISBN)
• An analysis of the theme of female unveiling in this aria and other operas of the time can be found in Jeremy Tambling, Opera and the Culture of Fascism, Oxford University Press, 1996. p. 122. (Шаблон:ISBN)

External links

• Шаблон:IMSLP
• Details, Aria Database
• Шаблон:YouTube, Alfredo Kraus