Английская Википедия:Earl of Airlie (locomotive)
Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Infobox locomotive
Earl of Airlie was an 1833 steam locomotive designed and built by J and C Carmichael for the 4ft 6in gauge Dundee and Newtyle Railway, with a 0-2-4 wheel arrangement and a tender. It was the first steam passenger locomotive in Scotland and the first locomotive in the United Kingdom to have a bogie.
A second locomotive, of the same design, Lord Wharncliffe was completed shortly after Earl of Airlie. A third 0-2-4, Trotter, was provided by James Stirling & Co. in 1834, to a similar but sightly smaller design.
No other locomotives ever used the 0-2-4 arrangement.
Background
The first railway locomotive to run in Scotland, The Duke, was introduced on the Kilmarnock and Troon Railway in 1817 or early 1818, to haul coal.[1] It was not a success.
The first locomotive in the world with a bogie, invented by John B. Jervis was Experiment (later renamed Brother Jonathan), a 4-2-0 design for the Mohawk and Hudson Railroad in the United States, in 1832.
The Dundee and Newtyle Railway opened in part in December 1831, and in full on 3 April 1832.[2] It was built to Шаблон:Track gauge and converted to Шаблон:Track gauge in 1849, having been leased to the Dundee and Perth Railway in 1846.[3] The Dundee and Perth Railway was in turn absorbed by the Scottish Central Railway in 1863.[4]
Design
Earl of Airlie had an 0-2-4 (Whyte notation) wheel arrangement, meaning that it had no leading wheels, two powered driving wheels on one axle, and four trailing wheels on two axles.[5][6] These latter pair of axles were on the bogie.[7] This was the first use of a bogie on a locomotive in the United Kingdom.[7] The driving wheels were Шаблон:Convert in diameter,Шаблон:Efn the bogie wheels Шаблон:Convert.[5][7] It used two vertical, single-acting cylinders of Шаблон:Convert, one on each side of the boiler, mounted on top of the outside frames and driving the front wheels through bell cranks.[5][7] Steam was provided by a fire-tube boiler at a working pressure of Шаблон:Convert.[5][7]
The locomotive weighed Шаблон:Long ton and cost £700 (Шаблон:Inflation) to build.[5] It was delivered from its maker, J and C Carmichael, on 22 September 1833,[5] along with a separate tender comprising a wagon with a water-barrel affixed, costing £30.[5]
Similar locomotives
Lord Wharncliffe, also made by J and C Carmichael, differed in having cylinders of Шаблон:Convert.[5] It was delivered on 25 September 1833.[5]
A third locomotive, Trotter, was delivered to the Dundee and Newtyle Railway by James Stirling and Co. on 3 March 1834 and had driving wheels of Шаблон:Convert, though these were subsequently changed to Шаблон:Convert.[5] It weighed Шаблон:Long ton.[5]
Name
The Earl of Airlie at the time of the locomotive's introduction was David Ogilvy (1785–1849), the 9th Earl, who had succeeded to the title in 1819. Lord Wharncliffe was James Stuart-Wortley (1776–1845), the 1st Baron Wharncliffe. Both men were directors of the railway company, as well as being landowners in the area through which the line ran.[5]
The locomotives were numbered by the Dundee and Newtyle Railway as No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3, in order of delivery.[5] The first two were renumbered No. 10 and No. 11 respectively by the Dundee and Perth Railway in 1850.[8]
Later use
Earl of Airlie and Lord Wharncliffe were converted to run on standard gauge when the line was converted in 1849 (Trotter was scrapped), under the auspices of the Dundee and Perth Railway.[8]
The two regauged locomotives operated until 1854.Шаблон:Efn After being taken out of service, Earl of Airlie was used as a stationary engine, pumping water at Errol railway station.[8][9] Lord Wharncliffe was used for similar purposes at the company's workshop at Seabraes, Dundee.[8]
Around a decade later, Alexander Allan, who became locomotive superintendent of the Scottish Central Railway in 1863, recognised its significance of Earl of Airlie.[8][10] He had it removed, cleaned, cosmetically restored (albeit with the wrong type of buffers; sprung, instead of horse-hair filled), painted, and then photographed.[8][10] However, it was not preserved.
Model
An accurate ¾-inch scale (3½ inch gauge) working model of Earl of Airlie made by H. Thomas was awarded a Bronze Medal at the Model Engineer Exhibition of 1981. It was sold by auction by Christie's in April 2003 for a hammer price of £5,875.[2]
Notes
References
External links
- Animation of the locomotive showing the working of the bell cranks.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 5,00 5,01 5,02 5,03 5,04 5,05 5,06 5,07 5,08 5,09 5,10 5,11 5,12 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 7,3 7,4 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 8,3 8,4 8,5 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 10,0 10,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
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