Английская Википедия:Earthstar Thunder Gull
The Earthstar Thunder Gull is a family of cantilever high-wing, tricycle gear ultralight aircraft, manufactured by Earthstar Aircraft of Santa Margarita, California as a kit for amateur construction or as a completed aircraft.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]
Design and development
Designer Mark Beierle's original goals were an "airplane with the feel of a hang glider, the agility and visibility of a helicopter, the effortless smooth flight of a sailplane, and the utility and economy of a general aviation aircraft--all in the hopes of getting close to the feel and freedom of a bird." When queried by interviewer Don Downie if that was too much to ask, Beierle replied, "You bet! But it didn't stop me from trying."[11]
The Thunder Gull was introduced in 1987 as a development of the earlier Laughing Gull. The aircraft was quite revolutionary when it was introduced due to its high performance and particularly high cruise speed of Шаблон:Convert on just Шаблон:Convert.[1]
The aircraft is constructed from aluminum tubing and sheet parts and covered in aircraft fabric. The aircraft can meet the requirements of the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles category, including its maximum empty weight limitation of Шаблон:Convert when it is equipped with a lightweight engine.[1][12]
The aircraft has a very small wing for the US ultralight category with a wing area of only Шаблон:Convert and a wingspan of Шаблон:Convert. The wing is equipped with flaps that give it a stall speed of Шаблон:Convert. The small wing gives the aircraft a high cruise speed and better resistance to turbulence than a lighter-loaded wing. The one-piece wing is quickly removable for storage or transport.[1][3]
Reported construction time of the kit is 150 hours.[1]
Operational history
The prototype Laughing Gull was flown coast-to-coast across the USA seven times with Шаблон:Convert of baggage and a Шаблон:Convert pilot.[2]
Variants
- Laughing Gull
- Original model introduced in 1976. First models had wire bracing and later strut-bracing before development of the cantilever wing. Production completed.[2][11]
- Thunder Gull
- Single-seat, high-wing ultralight aircraft with a cantilever Шаблон:Convert wing. The name was changed from Laughing Gull for marketing purposes. Production completed.[1][11]
- Thunder Gull J
- Improved model with Шаблон:Convert wingspan. Standard engine is the Шаблон:Convert Rotax 277 and the acceptable power range is Шаблон:Convert. First flight was March 1987 and it was available as a kit or ready-to-fly. Production completed.[2][3][4][5]
- Thunder Gull JT2
- Two seats in tandem model with dual controls and a Шаблон:Convert wingspan. Standard engine is the Шаблон:Convert Rotax 503 and the acceptable power range is Шаблон:Convert. The Шаблон:Convert Rotax 582 and Шаблон:Convert Rotax 618 two-stroke engines were optional. It was available as a kit or ready-to-fly and production is completed. First flight was June 1989.[1][2][3][4][5]
- Thunder Gull Odyssey
- Two seats in an unusual staggered side-by-side configuration with dual controls in the form of a shared center stick and a Шаблон:Convert wingspan. The staggered seating was used to provide most of the benefits of side-by-side seating without the associated drag penalty. The seat stagger is sufficient to provide pilot shoulder clearance. Standard engine is the Шаблон:Convert Rotax 503 and the acceptable power range is Шаблон:Convert. The Шаблон:Convert HKS 700E has also been installed. It first flew in April 1995 and was introduced at Sun 'n Fun in 1995. It is available as a kit or ready-to-fly. Fifteen were reported completed by December 2011 and still in production in 2012.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][13] An electric aircraft version has been flown.[12]
- Soaring Gull
- Motorglider version with Шаблон:Convert wingspan and 16:1 glide ratio. Standard engine was the Шаблон:Convert Rotax 277 and then later the Шаблон:Convert Hirth F-33. The acceptable power range is Шаблон:Convert. First flew in November 1993. Ten reported as completed by December 2011 and still in production in 2012.[1][2][3][4][5][7][8][9][10][13]
- Gull 2000
- Updated version with Шаблон:Convert wingspan, wider cockpit enclosure built from fiberglass. Standard engine was the Zanzottera MZ 34 of Шаблон:Convert and then later the Шаблон:Convert Hirth F-33. The acceptable power range is Шаблон:Convert. Fifteen reported as completed by December 2011 and still in production in 2012.[1][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][13]
- eGull 2000
- Electric powered variant
Specifications (Thunder Gull)
See also
References
External links
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 Cliche, Andre: Ultralight Aircraft Shopper's Guide 8th Edition, pages B-61 & B-107. Cybair Limited Publishing, 2001. Шаблон:ISBN
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 Purdy, Don: AeroCrafter - Homebuilt Aircraft Sourcebook, pages 148 and 307. BAI Communications. Шаблон:ISBN
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 Downey, Julia: 1999 Kit Aircraft Directory, Kitplanes, Volume 15, Number 12, December 1998, page 44. Primedia Publications. ISSN 0891-1851
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,5 Downey, Julia: 2001 Kit Aircraft Directory, Kitplanes, Volume 17, Number 12, December 2000, page 44. Kitplanes Acquisition Company. ISSN 0891-1851
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 5,5 Downey, Julia: 2002 Kit Aircraft Directory, Kitplanes, Volume 18, Number 12, December 2001, pages 33-34. Kitplanes Acquisition Company. ISSN 0891-1851
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 Newby-Gonzalez, Tori: 2004 Kit Aircraft Directory, Kitplanes, Volume 20, Number 12, December 2003, page 65. Belvoir Publications. ISSN 0891-1851
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 7,3 Downey, Julia: 2005 Kit Aircraft Directory, Kitplanes, Volume 21, Number 12, December 2004, page 55. Belvoir Publications. ISSN 0891-1851
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 8,3 Downey, Julia: 2008 Kit Aircraft Directory, Kitplanes, Volume 24, Number 12, December 2007, page 49. Primedia Publications. ISSN 0891-1851
- ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 9,3 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 10,0 10,1 10,2 10,3 Vandermeullen, Richard: 2012 Kit Aircraft Buyer's Guide, Kitplanes, Volume 28, Number 12, December 2011, page 51. Belvoir Publications. ISSN 0891-1851
- ↑ 11,0 11,1 11,2 11,3 Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ 12,0 12,1 Tacke, Willi; Marino Boric; et al: World Directory of Light Aviation 2015-16, page 44. Flying Pages Europe SARL, 2015. Шаблон:ISSN
- ↑ 13,0 13,1 13,2 Bayerl, Robby; Martin Berkemeier; et al: World Directory of Leisure Aviation 2011-12, page 43. WDLA UK, Lancaster UK, 2011. ISSN 1368-485X
