Английская Википедия:Eastern California
Eastern California is a region defined as either the strip to the east of the crest of the Sierra Nevada or as the easternmost counties of California.Шаблон:Cn
Demographics
According to the 2010 census, the population of the eastern border counties of California was 5,129,384. However, 4,224,851 (82.4%) lived in San Bernardino and Riverside counties, which are very large and whose populations are concentrated near Los Angeles and Orange counties to the southwest.
Culture and history
Шаблон:Original research section Eastern California's history differs significantly from that of the coastal regions and the Central Valley. Northeastern California is very sparsely populated (except for the area around Lake Tahoe): the three least-populated counties of California lie in the northeast.[1] The area tends to be politically conservative, much like the rest of the rural Western United States. However, the counties of San Bernardino and Riverside form the 13th-largest metropolitan area of the United States,[2][3] and El Dorado and Placer Counties are part of the Greater Sacramento area[2] and are culturally influenced by their respective metropolitan areas. Imperial County in the Southeast, though rural and agrarian, is heavily Democratic and has ties with the Mexicali Valley to the south.
Northeastern California has had strong ties to Nevada, with the exact boundary between the two states having once been a matter of dispute.[4] Residents of an area near Susanville, California tried to break away from the state in 1856, first by declaring themselves part of the Nataqua Territory[5] and then through annexation to Nevada. The two states further squabbled over ownership of Susanville in 1863. The town of Aurora, Nevada, was temporarily the county seat of both Mono County, California, and Esmeralda County, Nevada. Finally, the line between the two states was settled by a survey in 1892.[6] Over time, droughts and wildfires have increased in frequency and become less seasonal and more year-round, further straining the region's water security.[7][8][9]
There are many unique historical aspects of Eastern California including the Manzanar internment camp and the historical Carson and Colorado Railway.[10][11]
Geography
The easternmost counties of California are (from north to south):
- Modoc County
- Lassen County
- Plumas County
- Sierra County
- Nevada County
- Placer County
- El Dorado County
- Alpine County
- Mono County
- Inyo County
- San Bernardino County
- Riverside County
- Imperial County
Cities within this region include San Bernardino, Riverside, Ontario, Corona, Rancho Cucamonga, Roseville, Victorville, Temecula, Palm Springs, Lincoln, El Centro, Barstow, South Lake Tahoe, Susanville, Truckee, Grass Valley, Placerville, and Alturas.
Cities larger than 50,000 population
The following incorporated places have a population of 50,000 or greater, according to the 2020 census:[12]
Placer County
- Roseville: 147,773
- Rocklin: 71,601
San Bernardino County
- Apple Valley: 75,791
- Chino: 91,403
- Chino Hills: 78,411
- Colton: 53,909
- Fontana: 208,393
- Hesperia: 99,818
- Highland: 56,999
- Ontario: 175,265
- Rancho Cucamonga: 174,453
- Redlands: 73,168
- Rialto: 104,026
- San Bernardino: 222,101
- Upland: 79,040
- Victorville: 134,810
- Yucaipa: 54,542
Riverside County
- Beaumont: 53,036
- Cathedral City: 51,493
- Corona: 157,136
- Eastvale: 69,757
- Hemet: 89,833
- Indio: 89,137
- Jurupa Valley: 105,053
- Lake Elsinore: 70,265
- Menifee: 102,527
- Moreno Valley: 208,634
- Murrieta: 110,949
- Palm Desert: 51,163
- Perris: 78,700
- Riverside: 314,998
- San Jacinto: 53,898
- Temecula: 110,003
Geology
Because Eastern California is generally in the rain shadow of the Sierra Nevada or the Transverse Ranges, the climate is extremely dry and can be considered a desert. Indeed, the hottest and lowest area in North America lies in Death Valley, in the heart of Eastern California.
Geologically, Eastern California is mostly part of the Basin and Range Province, marked by crustal extension, with horsts and grabens. Volcanism is also evident in this region.
Climate
The majority of Eastern California experiences two seasons, a long, dry summer and a milder winter in which the rain is concentrated. Most higher elevations experience four distinct seasons. There are some areas where the weather is very diverse. The Sierra Nevada mountain range has larger amounts of snowfall, while the Imperial Valley has more arid conditions.[13] The Sierra Nevada's average temperature is around Шаблон:Convert and the Imperial Valley is on average Шаблон:Convert. A record-breaking heat temperature was recorded in Death Valley, at Шаблон:Convert on July 10, 1913.[14] With its low and often sporadic rainfall, California is susceptible to drought, and in many parts of the state including Eastern California, there is very high fire danger and there have been several devastating wildfires.[13]
Economy
The northern counties of Eastern California are heavily timbered areas. The timber industry is a major contributor to the economy from sale of timber and forest products and the number of jobs that it provides. These timbered areas not only provide valuable income, but are also the main growing sector for the economy for recreation and tourism. In the Sierra Nevada National Forests they experience 50 million recreational visitor days per year.[15] When California became a state, it was one of the leading producers of these timber and forest products. Since then, it has held the third place for the top producer of softwoods since the 1940s. In California there were five counties that contributed to 55 percent of the wood harvested for the state. One of those counties, Plumas, is located in Eastern California.[16]
Transportation
Major highways
- Modoc County
- Lassen County
- Plumas County
- Sierra County
- Nevada County
- Placer County
- El Dorado County
- Alpine County
- Mono County
- Файл:US 6 (1961 cutout).svg U.S. Route 6
- Файл:US 395 (1961 cutout).svg U.S. Route 395
- Файл:California 108.svg State Route 108
- Файл:California 120.svg State Route 120
- Файл:California 158.svg State Route 158
- Файл:California 167.svg State Route 167
- Файл:California 182.svg State Route 182
- Файл:California 270.svg State Route 270
- Inyo County
- San Bernardino County
- Riverside County
- Шаблон:Jct
- Шаблон:Jct
- Шаблон:Jct
- Шаблон:Jct
- Файл:US 95 (1961 cutout).svg U.S. Route 95
- Файл:US 99 (1961 cutout).svg Historic U.S. Route 99
- Файл:US 395 (CA).svg Historic U.S. Route 395
- Файл:California 60.svg State Route 60
- Файл:California 62.svg State Route 62
- Файл:California 71.svg State Route 71
- Файл:California 74.svg State Route 74
- Файл:California 78.svg State Route 78
- Файл:California 79.svg State Route 79
- Файл:California 86.svg State Route 86
- Файл:California 91.svg State Route 91
- Файл:California 111.svg State Route 111
- Файл:California 177.svg State Route 177
- Файл:California 243.svg State Route 243
- Файл:California 371.svg State Route 371
Educational Institutions
Private institutions
- William Jessup University
- Brandman University
- National University (campuses in Ontario and San Bernardino)
- Deep Springs College
- Loma Linda University
- University of Redlands
Community Colleges
- Lassen Community College
- Feather River College
- Sierra College
- Folsom Lake College
- Lake Tahoe Community College
- Cerro Coso Community College
- Palo Verde Community College
- Barstow Community College
- Chaffey College
- Copper Mountain College
- Crafton Hills College
- San Bernardino Valley College
- University of La Verne
- Victor Valley College
- Mt. San Jacinto College
- College of the Desert
Public Institutions
National Parks
- Death Valley National Park
- Lassen National Park
- Lava Beds National Monument
- Devils Postpile
- Manzanar
- Mojave National Preserve
- Old Spanish National Historic Trail
- Tule Lake Unit, World War II Valor in the Pacific National Monument
- Joshua Tree National Park
See also
References
Further reading
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 13,0 13,1 Worldmark Encyclopedia of U.S. and Canadian Environmental Issues. Ed. Susan Bevan Gall and Margaret K. Antone. Detroit, MI: Gale, 2012. p61-72.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web