Английская Википедия:Eastern Medal
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use shortened footnotes Шаблон:Infobox award
The Eastern Medal (Шаблон:Lang-de), officially the Winter Battle in the East 1941–42 Medal (Шаблон:Lang-de), was a military award of the Wehrmacht which was created by ordinance of Adolf Hitler on 26 May 1942.Шаблон:Sfn
The Eastern Medal was awarded to any member of the Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS "in recognition of experience in the struggle against the Bolshevik enemy and the Russian winter within the period from Шаблон:Nowrap to Шаблон:Nowrap." It was also awarded posthumously to any service member who died in the line of duty within the Soviet Union.Шаблон:Sfn It was wryly called the Frozen Meat Medal or the "Order of the Frozen Flesh" (Шаблон:Lang-de).Шаблон:Sfn
Criteria
Wehrmacht personnel qualified for the Eastern Medal after a minimum of 14 days in active combat; 30 air combat sorties; 60 days continuous of service in a combat zone; being wounded or suffering a "frozen limb", severe enough to warrant the issue of a Wound Badge, and it could be awarded posthumously.Шаблон:Sfn
On 20 January 1943, official qualification for the Eastern Medal was extended to include both male and female combatant and non-combatant personnel in the Wehrmacht. Also, foreign members of Wehrmacht units; personnel killed or missing in actionШаблон:Sfn and civilians working under Wehrmacht control, including those involved in construction and road building.Шаблон:Sfn Geographic limits were placed on the award of east of Ukraine and Ostland or in the Finland area, east of the original 1940 Russo/Finnish border. The Eastern Medal was officially decommissioned by the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (Шаблон:Lang-de) (OKW) on 4 September 1944.Шаблон:Sfn
Appearance
The Eastern Medal was designed by SS-Unterscharführer Ernst Krauit.Шаблон:Sfn Measuring Шаблон:Convert in diameter, of (generally) zinc construction, the medal was given a gun-metal coloured coating. The concave obverse side features a national socialist eagle grasping a swastika with laurel behind. The reverse features the text in capital letters: "WINTERSCHLACHT IM OSTEN 1941/42" ("Winter Battle in the East 1941–42") featuring a crossed sword and branch below the text. A helmet and stick grenade below the medal loop as well as outer ring were finished in a polished silver effect.Шаблон:Sfn The medal measures approximately 44mm by 36mm.
The Service ribbon featured a central white-black-white (white for snow, black for the fallen soldiers) stripe with red (for blood) either side. The medal and ribbon were presented in a paper packet with the name of the medal on the front and the maker name on the reverse.Шаблон:Sfn Like the Iron Cross 2nd Class (EK II) 1939–45, the Eastern Medal's ribbon was worn either from the second buttonhole of the uniform tunic or on a ribbon bar. Where the two ribbons were worn together in the buttonhole, the EK II appeared in front of the Eastern Medal.Шаблон:Sfn Over three million medals were issued and many more manufactured.
While wear of Nazi era awards was initially banned in 1945, the Eastern Medal was among those re-authorised for wear by the Federal Republic of Germany in 1957. With Nazi symbols now forbidden, the award was re-designed by removing the swastika, the eagle on the obverse now standing solely on a laurel branch.Шаблон:Sfn
Notes
References
External links
Шаблон:List of military decorations of the Third Reich Шаблон:Portal bar Шаблон:Authority control
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