Английская Википедия:Eastern Shore of Virginia

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Файл:Eastern Shore of Virginia - Location.svg
Eastern Shore of Virginia
Файл:Bloxom depot Cape Charles VA.jpg
Bloxom depot, Cape Charles, Virginia

The Eastern Shore of Virginia is the easternmost region of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. It consists of two counties (Accomack and Northampton) on the Atlantic coast. It is detached from the mainland of Virginia by the Chesapeake Bay. The Шаблон:Convert region is part of the Delmarva Peninsula. Its population was 45,695 as of 2020.[1]

History

Accomac Shire was established in the Virginia Colony by the House of Burgesses in 1634 under the direction of King Charles I. It was one of the original eight shires of Virginia, and consisted of the whole of Virginia's Delmarva territory. The shire's name comes from the Native American word Accawmack, which means, "the other shore".[2]

In 1642, the name was changed to Northampton County. (In England, "shires" and "counties" are the same thing.) In 1663, Northampton County was split into two counties. The northern two thirds took the original Accomac name, while the southern third remained as Northampton.[2]

In 1670, the Virginia Colony's Royal Governor William Berkeley abolished Accomac County, but the Virginia General Assembly re-created it in 1671. In 1940, the General Assembly officially added a "k" to the end of the county's name to arrive at its current spelling, which is Accomack.[3][4]

Geography

The terrain is overall very flat, ranging from sea level to just Шаблон:Convert above sea level. It is characterized by sandy and deep soil. The weather in the area has temperate summers and winters, significantly affected by the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean.[5] The rural area has long been devoted to cotton, soybean, vegetable and truck farming, and large-scale chicken farms.[6] Since the late 20th century, vineyards have been developed in both counties, and the Eastern Shore has received recognition as an American Viticultural Area (AVA).

The region has more than 78,000 acres of preserved parks, refuges, preserves and a national seashore and is a popular outdoor recreation destination for fishing, boating, hiking and kayaking. It is also an important birding hotspot along the Atlantic Flyway at the southernmost tip of the Delmarva Peninsula. There are public beaches at Cape Charles, Kiptopeke State Park, Savage Neck Dunes Natural Area Preserve, Tangier Island and the Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge abutting the Assateague Island National Seashore.

The area includes 70 miles of barrier islands, the longest chain of undeveloped barrier islands in the global temperate zone and a United Nations International Biosphere Reserve. At the northern end of the Atlantic side is the beach community of Chincoteague, famous for its annual wild pony roundup, gathered from Assateague Island. Wallops Flight Facility, a NASA space launch base, is located near Chincoteague. At the southern end of the Chesapeake Bay coast, the beach community of Cape Charles, a historic railroad town, is home to the Cape Charles Yacht Center, a super yacht service center. The town of Wachapreague on the Atlantic coast is a popular destination for fishing and guided trips out to the wild barrier islands. Onancock, a harbor town on the Chesapeake Bay, has a ferry service to Tangier Island, off the western shore in the Chesapeake Bay, during spring, summer and fall.

Culture

Some maps of Virginia do not include the Eastern Shore. Encyclopedia VirginiaШаблон:'s logo began depicting the region in 2018, after the inauguration of Ralph Northam, the second Governor of Virginia from the Eastern Shore.[7] Geographically removed from the rest of Virginia, it has had a unique history of settlement and development influenced by agriculture, fishing, tourism, and the Pennsylvania Railroad. William G. Thomas describes the Eastern Shore during the late 19th and early 20th century as "a highly complex and interdependent landscape". He continues:

It was a liminal place, a zone of interpenetration, where the settlement patterns, speech, demography, and political outcomes defined its place in the South but its engagement with technology and rapid transformation of the landscape betrayed other allegiances, motives, forces, and effects.[6]

Transportation

The Шаблон:Convert Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel, which is part of U.S. Route 13, spans the mouth of the Bay and connects the Eastern Shore to South Hampton Roads and the rest of Virginia. Before the Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel was built in 1964, the Little Creek-Cape Charles Ferry provided the continuation of U.S. 13 across this stretch of water.

Media

The area is served by the weekly Eastern Shore Post and the monthly publication Eastern Shore First. The predominant radio station is WESR 103.3 FM, which operates the website ShoreDailyNews.com.

Politics

Presidential election results[8]
Year Democratic Republican Others
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|2020 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|47.5% 11,245 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|51.2% 12,127 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/None|1.4% 322
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|2016 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|45.5% 9,995 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|51.3% 11,269 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/None|3.3% 722
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|2012 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|50.6% 11,396 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|48.3% 10,889 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/None|1.1% 257
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|2008 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|51.4% 11,407 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|47.5% 10,546 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/None|1.2% 256
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|2004 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|44.0% 8,293 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|55.1% 10,395 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/None|0.9% 167
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|2000 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|44.2% 7,432 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|51.4% 8,651 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/None|4.4% 734
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|1996 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|46.9% 7,789 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|40.8% 6,776 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/None|12.3% 2,037
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|1992 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|40.1% 7,518 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|41.4% 7,754 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/None|18.5% 3,471
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|1988 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|40.6% 6,685 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|57.6% 9,488 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/None|1.8% 296
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|1984 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|37.2% 6,581 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|62.0% 10,953 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/None|0.8% 139
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|1980 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|46.9% 7,235 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|48.8% 7,546 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/None|4.3% 670
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|1976 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|50.9% 7,266 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|45.8% 6,537 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/None|3.3% 468
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|1972 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|28.3% 3,652 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|70.3% 9,083 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/None|1.4% 184
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|1968 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|29.5% 3,885 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|35.3% 4,641 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/None|35.2% 4,629
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|1964 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|51.5% 5,044 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|48.3% 4,731 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/None|0.1% 11
align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|1960 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|53.6% 4,731 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|46.0% 3,671 align="center" Шаблон:Party shading/None|0.4% 31

The Eastern Shore is politically divided, with Accomack County generally voting for the Republican Party and Northampton County generally voting for the Democratic Party. As a whole, the Shore is generally a bellwether region, but also slightly tilts Republican owing to Accomack's larger share of the population. In the 2017 gubernatorial election, it gave 50.5% of the vote to Republican Ed Gillespie and 49.0% of the vote to Democrat Ralph Northam.[9]

It is represented in the U.S. House of Representatives by Republican Jen Kiggans, in the Virginia Senate by Democrat Lynwood Lewis, and in the Virginia House of Delegates by Republican Robert Bloxom Jr.

Transportation

Roads

Файл:2017-07-12 11 23 10 View south along U.S. Route 13 (Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel) crossing the North Channel of the Chesapeake Bay in Northampton County, Virginia.jpg
The Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel, which connects the Eastern Shore to the Hampton Roads area

Railroads

Airports

See also

Шаблон:Portal

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Further reading

External links

Шаблон:Virginia Шаблон:Authority control

Шаблон:Coord