Английская Википедия:Economy of South Asia
The economy of South Asia comprises 2 billion people (25% of the world population) living in eight countries (though Afghanistan is sometimes excluded).[1][2] The Indian subcontinent was historically one of the richest regions in the world, comprising 25% of world GDP as recently as 1700,[3][4] but experienced significant de-industrialisation and a doubling of extreme poverty during the colonial era of the late 18th to mid-20th century.[5] In the post-colonial era, South Asia has grown significantly, with India advancing because of economic liberalisation from the 1980s onwards,[6] and extreme poverty now below 15% in the region.[7] South Asia has been the fastest-growing region of the world since 2014.[8]
History
Ancient and medieval era
Colonial era
Modern era
India is the largest economy in the region (US$3.535 trillion) and makes up almost 80% of the South Asian economy; it is the world's 5th largest in nominal terms and 3rd largest by purchasing power adjusted exchange rates (US$11.745 trillion).[9] India is the member of G-20 major economies and BRICS from the region. It is the fastest-growing major economy in the world and one of the world's fastest registering a growth of 7.2% in FY 2022-23.[10]
India is followed by Bangladesh, which has a GDP of ($411 billion) and a GDP per capita of $2,340, which is 5th in the region above Pakistan. It has the fastest GDP growth rate in Asia. It is one of the emerging and growth-leading economies of the world, and is also listed among the Next Eleven countries. It is also one of the fastest-growing middle-income countries. It has the world's 33rd largest GDP in nominal terms and is the 27th largest by purchasing power adjusted exchange rates ($1.015 trillion). Bangladesh's economic growth was 6.4% in 2022.[11] Pakistan has an economy of ($314 billion) and ranks 6th in GDP per capita in the region.[12] Next is Sri Lanka, which has the 2nd highest GDP per capita and the 4th largest economy in the region.
Certain parts of South Asia are significantly wealthier than others; the four Indian states of Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and Karnataka are projected to account for almost 50% of India's GDP by 2030, while the five South Indian states comprising 20% of India's population are expected to contribute 35% of India's GDP by 2030.[13]
The major stock exchanges in the region are Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) with market Capitalization of $3.8 trillion (8th largest in the world), National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) with market capitalization of $3.27 trillion (9th largest in the world), Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE), Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE), and Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) with market capitalization of $72 billion. Economic data is sourced from the International Monetary Fund, current as of April 2017, and is given in US dollars.[14]
India is home to the Indian Premier League, which is the second-most valued sports league in the world on a per-match basis.[15]
India (Indian Union) is a "Union-cum-Country", Pakistan (Pakistani Union) is also a "Union-cum-Country". Bangladesh (East Bengal) is a "State-cum-Country", Nepal is also a "State-cum-Country", Sri Lanka is also a "State-cum-Country".
Maharashtra is a "State-only", not a "State-cum-Country", Tamil Nadu is also a "State-only", not a "State-cum-Country", West Bengal is also a "State-only", not a "State-cum-Country".
English Belt (Anglosphere): United States of America (USA), United Kingdom (England), Canada, Australia and New Zealand
Dravidian Belt (Deccan): Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala
Bengali Belt (Bengal): Bangladesh (East Bengal), West Bengal and Tripura
Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu) Belt: Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh
Punjabi Belt (Punjab): Pakistan's Punjab (West Punjab) and India's Punjab (East Punjab)
Continents, Unions, Countries, Belts, Regions, States and Cities by Nominal GDP Per Capita (2023–2024) and Nominal GDP (2023-2024)
| Rank | Union/Belt/Region/State/City | Real Economy (Nominal GDP Per Capita) |
Nominal Economy (Nominal GDP) |
Population (2021) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States of America's New York (NY) | $1,00,000 | $2.3 Trillion | 2.3 crore |
| 2 | United States of America (USA) | $84,800 | $28 Trillion (25%) | 33 crore (4%) |
| 3 | English Belt (Anglosphere) | $77,400 | $36 Trillion (33%) | 46.5 crore (6%) |
| 4 | Europe's Germany | $55,200 | $4.7 Trillion | 8.5 crore |
| 5 | United Kingdom (England) | $53,700 | $3.6 Trillion | 6.7 crore |
| 6 | Europe's France | $47,700 | $3.2 Trillion | 6.7 crore |
| 7 | Europe (European Union) | $44,400 | $20 Trillion (18%) | 45 crore (5.5%) |
| 8 | Japan | $33,000 | $4.3 Trillion | 13 crore |
| 9 | Saudi Arabia | $30,500 | $1.1 Trillion | 3.6 crore |
| 10 | Maharashtra's Mumbai (Bombay) | $14,300 | $330 Billion | 2.3 crore |
| 11 | World | $13,900 | $110 Trillion (100%) | 790 crore (100%) |
| 12 | China | $13,400 | $19 Trillion (17%) | 141 crore (18%) |
| 13 | Russia | $12,600 | $1.9 Trillion | 15 crore |
| 14 | Karnataka's Bengaluru (Bangalore) | $10,700 | $140 Billion | 1.3 crore |
| 15 | Asia | $8,900 | $43 Trillion (39%) | 480 crore (60%) |
| 16 | Tamil Nadu's Chennai (Madras) | $8,300 | $100 Billion | 1.2 crore |
| 17 | Telangana's Hyderabad | $8,300 | $100 Billion | 1.2 crore |
| 18 | Gujarat's Ahmedabad | $8,300 | $100 Billion | 1.2 crore |
| 19 | Bangladesh's Dhaka (Dacca) | $8,200 | $190 Billion | 2.3 crore |
| 20 | Arabic Belt (Arabia) | $7,400 | $3.5 Trillion | 47 crore |
| 21 | India's Delhi (National Capital Territory) | $6,500 | $150 Billion | 2.3 crore |
| 22 | West Bengal's Kolkata (Calcutta) | $6,200 | $100 Billion | 1.6 crore |
| 23 | India's Gujarat | $4,900 | $320 Billion | 6.5 crore |
| 24 | India's Haryana | $4,600 | $140 Billion | 3 crore |
| 25 | India's Karnataka | $4,500 | $320 Billion | 7 crore |
| 26 | India's Telangana | $4,500 | $180 Billion | 4 crore |
| 27 | India's Dravidian Belt (Deccan) | $4,200 | $1.2 Trillion (30%) | 28.5 crore (20%) |
| 28 | India's Tamil Nadu | $4,200 | $360 Billion | 8.5 crore |
| 29 | India's Kerala | $4,200 | $150 Billion | 3.5 crore |
| 30 | Sindh's Karachi | $3,900 | $90 Billion | 2.3 crore |
| 31 | India's Maharashtra | $3,700 | $490 Billion (12%) | 13 crore (9%) |
| 32 | India's Non-Hindustani (Non Hindi-Urdu) Belt | $3,600 | $2.6 Trillion (67%) | 71.5 crore (51%) |
| 33 | India's Andhra Pradesh | $3,200 | $180 Billion | 5.5 crore |
| 34 | Sri Lanka | $3,100 | $70 Billion | 2.2 crore |
| 35 | India's Punjab (East Punjab) | $3,000 | $90 Billion | 3 crore |
| 36 | Bangladesh (East Bengal) | $2,800 | $480 Billion | 17 crore |
| 37 | India (Indian Union) | $2,700 | $3.9 Trillion (100%) | 141 crore (100%) |
| 38 | Bengali Belt (Bengal) | $2,500 | $710 Billion | 27.5 crore |
| 39 | India's Rajasthan | $2,500 | $200 Billion | 8 crore |
| 40 | India's Odisha | $2,300 | $110 Billion | 4.7 crore |
| 41 | India's West Bengal | $2,200 | $220 Billion | 10 crore |
| 42 | Africa | $2,100 | $3 Trillion | 100 crore |
| 43 | India's Madhya Pradesh | $2,100 | $180 Billion | 8.5 crore |
| 44 | India's Assam | $2,000 | $70 Billion | 3.5 crore |
| 45 | India's Chhattisgarh | $2,000 | $60 Billion | 3 crore |
| 46 | Punjabi Belt (Punjab) | $1,900 | $290 Billion | 15 crore |
| 47 | India's Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu) Belt | $1,800 | $1.3 Trillion (33%) | 69.5 crore (49%) |
| 48 | Pakistan's Punjab (West Punjab) | $1,600 | $200 Billion | 12 crore |
| 49 | Pakistan's Sindh | $1,600 | $100 Billion | 6 crore |
| 50 | Pakistan (Pakistani Union) | $1,400 | $350 Billion | 24 crore |
| 51 | Myanmar | $1,400 | $80 Billion | 5.5 crore |
| 52 | Nepal | $1,300 | $40 Billion | 3 crore |
| 53 | India's Uttar Pradesh | $1,200 | $310 Billion | 24 crore |
| 54 | India's Jharkhand | $1,200 | $50 Billion | 4 crore |
| 55 | India's Bihar | $850 | $110 Billion | 13 crore |
| 56 | Afghanistan | $370 | $15 Billion | 4 crore |
| Country | GDP | Inflation
(2022)[19] |
HDI | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominal GDP(in millions) (2022) (%Share)[20] | GDP per capita
(2022)[21] |
GDP (PPP)(in millions) (2022) (%Share) | GDP (PPP) per capita (2022) | GDP growth
(2022)[22] |
HDI
(2019)[23] |
Inequality-adjusted HDI (2019)[24] | ||
| Шаблон:Country[25] | $20,136 (2020) | $611 (2020) | $80,912 (2020) | $2,456 (2020) | -2.4% (2020) | 5.6% (2020) | Шаблон:Increase0.478 (low) | No data |
| Шаблон:Country | $460,751 (10.41%) | $2,734 | $1,345,646 (8.97%) | $7,985 | 7.2% | 6.1% | Шаблон:Increase0.661 (medium) | Шаблон:Increase0.465 (low) |
| Шаблон:Country | $2,707 (0.06%) | $3,562 | $9,937 (0.07%) | $13,077 | 4.0% | 7.7% | Шаблон:Increase0.666 (medium) | Шаблон:Increase0.450 (low) |
| Шаблон:Country | $3,468,566 (78.35%) | $2,466 | $11,665,490 (77.74%) | $8,293 | 6.8% | 6.9% | Шаблон:Increase0.633 (medium) | Шаблон:Increase0.538 (low) |
| Шаблон:Country | $5,900 (0.13%) | $15,097 | $12,071 (0.08%) | $30,888 | 8.7% | 4.3% | Шаблон:Increase0.747 (high) | Шаблон:Increase0.568 (medium) |
| Шаблон:Country | $39,028 (0.88%) | $1,293 | $141,161 (0.94%) | $4,677 | 4.2% | 6.3% | Шаблон:Increase0.602 (medium) | Шаблон:Increase0.430 (low) |
| Шаблон:Country | $376,493 (8.50%) | $1,658 | $1,512,476 (10.08%) | $6,662 | 6.0% | 12.10% | Шаблон:Increase0.544 (low) | Шаблон:Increase0.386 (low) |
| Шаблон:Country | $73,739 (1.67%) | $3,293 | $318,690 (2.12%) | $14,230 | -8.7% | 48.2% | Шаблон:Increase0.782 (high) | Шаблон:Increase0.686 (medium) |
| South Asia[26] | $4,427,184 (100%) | $2,385 | $15,005,471 (100%) | $8,085 | 6.4% | 8.1% | Шаблон:Increase0.639 (medium) | - |
Poverty
Шаблон:See also Poverty rates vary greatly throughout the region, with a majority of Afghanistan relying on humanitarian aid,[27] and 40% of Sri Lankans slipping into poverty due to the economic crisis that started in 2019.[28]
| Country | Population below poverty line (at $1.9/day) | Global Hunger Index (2021)[29] | Population under-nourished (2015)[30] | Life expectancy (2019)[31] (global rank) | Global wealth report (2019)[32][33][34] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| World Bank[35] (year) | 2022 Multidimensional Poverty Index Report (MPI source year)[36] | Population in Extreme poverty (2022)[37] | CIA Factbook (2015)[38] | Total national wealth in billion USD (global rank) | Wealth per adult in USD | Median wealth per adult in USD (global rank) | ||||
| Шаблон:Country | 54.5% (2016) | 55.91% (2015–16) | 18% | 36% | 28.3 (103rd) | 26.8% | 63.2 (160th) | 25 (116th) | 1,463 | 640 (156th) |
| Шаблон:Country | 24.3% (2016) | 24.64% (2019) | 4% | 31.5% | 19.1 (76th) | 16.4% | 74.3 (82nd) | 697 (44th) | 6,643 | 2,787 (117th) |
| Шаблон:Country | 8.2% (2017) | 37.34% (2010) | 4% | 12% | No data | No data | 73.1 (99th) | No Data | No Data | No Data |
| Шаблон:Country | 21.9% (2011) | 14.9% (2019–21) | 0.9% | 29.8% | 27.5 (101st) | 15.2% | 70.8 (117th) | 12,614 (7th) | 14,569 | 3,042 (115th) |
| Шаблон:Country | 8.2% (2016) | 0.77% (2016–17) | 4% | 16% | No data | 5.2% | 79.6 (33rd) | 7 (142nd) | 23,297 | 8,555 (74th) |
| Шаблон:Country | 25.2% (2010) | 17.50% (2019) | 8% | 25.2% | 19.1 (76th) | 7.8% | 70.9 (116th) | 68 (94th) | 3,870 | 1,510 (136th) |
| Шаблон:Country | 24.3% (2015) | 38.33% (2017–18) | 5% | 12.4% | 24.7 (94th) | 22% | 69.3 (144th) | 465 (49th) | 4,096 | 1,766 (128th) |
| Шаблон:Country | 4.1% (2016) | 2.92% (2016) | 5% | 8.9% | 16 (65th) | 22% | 76.9 (54th) | 297 (60th) | 20,628 | 8,283 (77th) |
India
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Afghanistan
Bhutan
Maldives
Nepal
Sri Lanka
See also
References
Шаблон:Asia in topicШаблон:South Asian topics
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ South Asia https://databankfiles.worldbank.org/
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web Outlook Database, October 2018
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 16,0 16,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 17,0 17,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 18,0 18,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Last update for Afghanistan from the World Economic Outlook is for 2020. Later years are unavailable.
- ↑ Individual country percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding. Afghanistan not included in 2022 totals due to year mismatch. World Economic Outlook also does not count Afghanistan in the South Asia subtotals.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite report
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
