Английская Википедия:Eden Cemetery (Collingdale, Pennsylvania)
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox cemetery
Eden Cemetery is a historic African-American cemetery located in Collingdale, Pennsylvania. It was established June 20, 1902, and is the oldest existing black owned cemetery in the United States.Шаблон:Sfn The cemetery covers about 53 acres[1] and contains approximately 93,000 burials.[2]
History
Jerome Bacon, an instructor at the Institute for Colored Youth (the precursor to Cheyney University), led efforts to create a cemetery for African-Americans who had been buried in cemeteries in Philadelphia that were being condemned by the city in the early 20th century.[3] The cemeteries included Lebanon Cemetery (condemned in 1899 – closed in 1903),Шаблон:Sfn the Olive Graveyard (closed in 1923),[4] the Stephen Smith Home for the Aged and Infirm Colored Person's Burial Ground and the First African Baptist Church Burial Grounds.[2] The bodies buried in these cemeteries were disinterred and re-interred at Eden Cemetery.Шаблон:Sfn The oldest reburial in the cemetery is from 1721.[5]
After litigation from Collingdale, Pennsylvania opposing the creation of an African-American cemetery in the township, a charter for the creation of Eden Cemetery was granted by Pennsylvania on June 20, 1902. Fifty-three acres of land previously part of Bartram Farms were selected for the creation of the cemetery.
The first meeting of the cemetery charter committee was held on August 9, 1902, and included prominent members of Philadelphia's black community in the following roles:
- President – John C. Asbury, lawyer
- Vice-president – Charles W. Jones
- Vice-president – Daniel C. Parvis, upholsterer
- Secretary – Jerome Bacon, instructor at the Institute for Colored Youth (the precursor to Cheyney University)
- Treasurer – Martin J. Lehmann, cigar maker[1]
The first interment at the cemetery was delayed until nightfall due to local white protestors who blocked the cemetery entrance during the day.[6] The headline of the Chester County Times the next day read "Collingdale Has More Race Troubles, Town Council Has No Use for a Colored Cemetery, No African Need Apply."[3]
On May 30, 1919, a memorial was erected to commemorate the colored soldiers from Pennsylvania who fought and died in France during World War I from 1917 to 1918.
In 1986, five child victims of the 1985 MOVE bombing were interred in two unmarked graves at Eden Cemetery.[7]
In July 2008, vandals toppled over 200 headstones in the cemetery, including that of Octavius Valentine Catto, one of the most famous burials at Eden Cemetery.[6]
In 2010, Eden Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[8] It is still in operation and maintained by a group of volunteers.[3]
In 2015, a monument to Pauline Oberdorfer Minor was erected in Eden Cemetery by the Philadelphia Alumnae chapter of the Delta Sigma Theta sorority[9] She was one of the 22 founders of the Sorority but was working as a housekeeper when she died and was interred in a pauper's grave alongside three other people.[10]
In January 2024, the skulls of 19 unidentified black Philadelphians were interred in two mausolea in Eden Cemetery. The skulls were part of the Penn Museum collection and were most likely from enslaved persons from the 1830s and 1840s. The skulls were collected by Samuel George Morton, a scientist who supported scientific racism.[11]
Notable burials
- Julian Abele (1881–1950), architect
- Marian Anderson (1897–1993), opera singer[12][13]
- Ruth L. Bennett (1866–1947), Social reformer and first president of the Chester branch of the NAACP
- John C. Bowers (1811–1873), entrepreneur, organist, abolitionist[13]
- David Bustill Bowser (1820-1900), ornamental artist and portraitist
- John Pierre Burr (Шаблон:Circa–1864), abolitionist and community leader in Philadelphia, a son of Aaron Burr[13]
- Cyrus Bustill (1732-1806), abolitionist and community leader
- Octavius Valentine Catto (1839–1871), civil rights leader, baseball pioneer[13] (originally buried in Lebanon Cemetery, Philadelphia; transferred to Eden, May 14, 1903)
- Dr. Rebecca J Cole (1846–1922). Second African-American female to earn the Doctor of Medicine degree in the United States.[13]
- Frank T. Coleman (1911–2008), educator and community volunteer
- Emilie Davis (1839–1889), diarist
- James DePreist (1936–2013), African-American orchestra conductor[14]
- Sarah Mapps Douglass (1806–1882), abolitionist, educator and writer
- Henrietta Duterte (1817–1903), funeral home owner, philanthropist, and abolitionist[15]
- Tyrone Everett (1953–1977), Philadelphia professional boxer[16][17]
- Jessie Redmon Fauset (1882–1961), editor, poet, essayist and novelist[18]
- James Forten (1766–1842), African-American abolitionist and businessman[19]
- Timothy Thomas Fortune (1856–1928), journalist, civil rights leader[20]
- Stanislaus Kostka Govern (1854–1924), West Indian–American baseball player, first manager of the Cuban Giants, labor organizer, journalist, and Shakespearean actor[21]
- Frances Harper (1825–1911), poet, abolitionist[13]
- Francis "Frank" Johnson (1792–1844) pioneering musician whose compositions foreshadowed jazz
- Absalom Jones (1746–1818), African-American abolitionist and clergyman, reinterred to St. Thomas African Episcopal Church in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Caroline LeCount (1846–1923), civil rights activist and educator
- Harry McGilberry (1950–2006), R&B and Soul singer[13]
- Pauline Oberdorfer Minor (1885–1963) a Founder of Delta Sigma Theta sorority
- John Bunyan Reeve (1831–1916), Presbyterian minister and professor at Howard University
- Robert Penn (1872–1912), Spanish–American War Medal of Honor Recipient[22]
- William Still (1821–1902), abolitionist[23]
- John Baxter Taylor, Jr. (1882–1908), track and field athlete, first African-American Olympic Gold Medalist[13]
- Hannah Archer Till (c. 1721–1826), personal cook of George Washington and Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette during the American Revolutionary War.[24][25]
- Charles Albert Tindley (1851–1933), minister, composer[26]
- Laura Wheeler Waring (1887-1948), artist and educator
- George Henry White (1852–1918), US Congressman from North Carolina[27]
References
Citations Шаблон:Reflist
Sources
External links
- Шаблон:Official website
- Article at PhillyGraves.com
- YouTube Video – "Bury Me In A Free Land" – The Story of Eden Cemetery
- Philadelphia Area Archives Research Portal (PAARP) – Eden Cemetery interment records
Шаблон:National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокnpsне указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Singer's courage recalled on anniversary of historic performanceШаблон:Dead link
- ↑ 13,0 13,1 13,2 13,3 13,4 13,5 13,6 13,7 Philadelphia Magazine: Finding African American History at Delaware County’s Eden Cemetery
- ↑ AAREG
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Article on Fauset's grave at PhillyGraves.com Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ James Forten first black man to be honored as hero of the American Revolution
- ↑ Renewed Efforts To Save Home Of Journalist T. Thomas Fortune
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Pair of local war heroes receive Medals of Honor
- ↑ William Still Burial Site at Eden Cemetery, National Park Service
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Shrine honors Charles Tindley as 'father of gospel music'
- ↑ Headstone Dedication to Honor Congressman George Henry White, Early Civil Rights Leader
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