Английская Википедия:Edith Grøn
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Edith Grøn (19 February 1917 – 15 March 1990) was a Danish-born Nicaraguan sculptor. She is considered to be the most significant 20th-century Nicaraguan sculptor. Her works are featured in public spaces throughout Nicaragua and abroad.
Early life
Edith Dorthe Grøn was born on 19 February 1917 in Copenhagen, Denmark to Sofie (née Rasmussen) and Vilhelm Andersen Grøn.Шаблон:Sfn When she was 6 years old, in 1923, her family, which included her brother Niels, migrated to Nicaragua because her mother had been advised a warmer climate would help her arthritis.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Her mother's illness coupled with the economic depression which existed in Denmark after World War I, prompted Vilhelm to bring the family to Central America.Шаблон:Sfn The family came with an immigration company which had contracted with the Nicaraguan government to resettle up to 2,000 Danish families in the country.Шаблон:Sfn One hundred settlers came in her migration group, which initially settled on a farm in the mountainous area around Matagalpa.Шаблон:Sfn After moving about the country several times, the family finally settled in Managua, where Vilhelm owned and operated a restaurant known as La Casa Dinamarca ("The Denmark House").Шаблон:Sfn From an early age, she enjoyed producing artworks, first with paint and then clay.Шаблон:Sfn
Grøn completed both her primary and secondary education at the Colegio Bautista in Managua.Шаблон:Sfn In 1931, Grøn was involved in a serious car accident, when her father lost control of the car, and she flew through the windshield, breaking all the bones in her face. After numerous surgeries, performed by missionary doctors visiting from North America, she recovered, but remained scarred.Шаблон:Sfn In 1942,Шаблон:Sfn she entered the National School of Fine Arts (Шаблон:Lang-es), studying under Genaro Amador Lira, along with students like Roberto de la Selva and Fernando Saravia.Шаблон:Sfn In 1943, Grøn won the Rubén Darío Art Prize, for her work Amo Muerto, which was then exhibited at the National Palace of Culture.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The sculpture depicted a dog mourning at the grave of its young owner.Шаблон:Sfn Wanting to further her studies, Grøn moved to Mexico City in 1944 to study at the Academy of San Carlos with Шаблон:Ill.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn She studied Classic Arts and ArchitectureШаблон:Sfn and in 1944, exhibited El Puntigado, which received notice in the Mexican press and secured her a scholarship at Columbia University in New York City.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The sculpture was the figure of a crying child who had been whipped as a form of punishment.Шаблон:Sfn In 1946, she entered Columbia,Шаблон:Sfn studying ceramics and sculpture, completing her studies in 1948 and returning to Nicaragua.Шаблон:Sfn
Career
From 1940 to 1952, Grøn was in a relationship with Silvio Turcios, known as Bill. He was a boxer and fireman, and because of his physique, became her model for several sculptures, including the muscles for the athletes of El Relevo. According to her biographer, José Vivó, The Relay is known internationally as a symbol for the transfer of wisdom and knowledge.Шаблон:Sfn Grøn held her first solo exhibit at the National Palace of Culture in 1953, exhibiting large Costumbrismo sculptures of figures and several nudes.Шаблон:Sfn For the centennial celebration of the Battle of San Jacinto, she sculpted Шаблон:Ill, which was installed at the Hacienda San Jacinto in 1956.Шаблон:Sfn In 1958, she produced a sculpture of the head of journalist Gabry Rivas and that same year, she was decorated with the Order of Rubén Darío by the government of Nicaragua. The following year, she completed a monument dedicated to mothers, commissioned by historian Julián N. Guerrero. The statue, Monumento a la Madre was installed in Boaco.Шаблон:Sfn
Grøn sculpted in clay, stone and wood,Шаблон:Sfn and molded in concrete and various metals. Her initial works were realistic and she strove for perfection, but she was influenced by the Romanian modernist Constantin Brâncuși, which led her to shift to more stylized forms.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn In 1960, she completed a statue of General José Dolores Estrada for the Nicaraguan Association of Writers and Artists.Шаблон:Sfn She was known for her sculptures of Rubén Darío, and also depicted personalities such as Josefa Toledo de Aguerri, Pablo Antonio Cuadra, among others.Шаблон:Sfn A 1958 sculpture of Darío was installed in a Miami, Florida park in 1961.Шаблон:Sfn That same year, Grøn carved a stone head of Darío clothed in a Carthusian habit, titling it La Cartuja, in reference to the poet's 1913 work on the same theme.Шаблон:Sfn In 1962 to commemorate the 350th anniversary of the indigenous revolt against the Spanish conquistador Gil González Dávila, Grøn sculpted an image of Cacique Diriangén to depict his courage and resistance. In 1964, she sculpted a bust of Darío from white Guatemalan marble, which has become an iconic image of the poet.Шаблон:Sfn In the 1970s, Grøn developed mouth cancer and went to the MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston for chemotherapy. She began losing her sight in 1981 and was forced to change to painting and inlay works with wood.Шаблон:Sfn Some of her most known paintings include: Muchacha en la hamaca (Girl in a hammock), Cándida, Desnudo (The nude), and Llanto después del desastre (Tears after the disaster), which was a reference to the 1972 Nicaraguan earthquake.Шаблон:Sfn
Numerous sculptures by Grøn adorn public places in Nicaragua, such as El Relevo, (The Relay) which is in front of the post office of Managua;Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn a monument to Andrés Castro Estrada, which was commissioned in 1956 by students and teachers, who had trained with the educator Шаблон:Ill; a work on José Dolores Estrada which stands at the Masaya entrance to the Tiscapa Lagoon Natural Reserve;Шаблон:Sfn a statue of Cacique Diriangén which adorns the park Las Piedrecitas in Managua; a sculpture of Rubén Darío, located at the Central Bank of Nicaragua, which is the most reproduced depiction of the author in the country;Шаблон:Sfn and a bust of Darío completed in 1964, which adorns the National Theater bearing his name.Шаблон:Sfn Between 1959 and 1980, Grøn sculpted more than 300 works. They are held not only in Nicaragua, but in Belgium, Colombia, Costa Rica, Denmark, France, Germany, Mexico, Peru, and Spain, among other countries.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn She was honored with the Rubén Darío Order of Cultural Independence in 1989.Шаблон:Sfn
Death and legacy
Grøn died from throat cancer on 15 March 1990 in Managua.Шаблон:Sfn In 2007, an exhibit of photographs of the sculptor and her works was presented at the Institute of Hispanic Culture of the Spanish embassy.Шаблон:Sfn In 2010, the Spanish writer, Joseph M. Vivó, published Edith Grön, Biografía de una Escultora (Edith Grön, Biography of a sculptor) to preserve her cultural legacy.Шаблон:Sfn
References
Citations
Bibliography
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