Английская Википедия:Eduardo De Filippo

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Eduardo De Filippo OMRI (Шаблон:IPA-it; 26 May 1900 – 31 October 1984), also known simply as Eduardo,[1] was an Italian actor, director, screenwriter and playwright, best known for his Neapolitan works Filumena Marturano and Napoli Milionaria. Considered one of the most important Italian artists of the 20th century, De Filippo was the author of many theatrical dramas staged and directed by himself first and later awarded and played outside Italy. For his artistic merits and contributions to Italian culture, he was named senatore a vita by the President of the Italian Republic Sandro Pertini.

Biography

Family

De Filippo was born in Naples on 26 May 1900. For many years his birth date was mistakenly thought to be May 24th, but recent research in anagraphic books proved 26 to be the right date. Eduardo was the second son of playwright and actor Eduardo Scarpetta, the king of Neapolitan theatre, and theatre seamstress and costumier Luisa De Filippo.[2] He and his siblings Annunziata "Titina" and Giuseppe "Peppino" were extramarital because Scarpetta was actually married since 1876 to Rosa De Filippo,[3] Luisa's paternal aunt. Scarpetta had six more illegitimate children from various affairs, including actors Ernesto Murolo and Eduardo Passarelli. Scarpetta never acknowledged Eduardo De Filippo and his siblings, which is why the son took his mother's name.Шаблон:Sfn[4]

Theatre

Eduardo De Filippo first appeared on stage at the age of four. Being 14, he became a professional actor in Scarpetta's companyШаблон:Sfn and played there until 1927.Шаблон:Sfn In 1925, the company played in Milan's Teatro Fossati where Eduardo di Filippo was spotted and then praised in a review by Renato Simoni, then the most influential critic of Italy.Шаблон:Sfn

In 1931, Eduardo formed a theatre company with his brother playwright Peppino and sister Titina, called Compagnia del Teatro Umoristico I De Filippo.[5] They invented a new genre and a unique artistic approach, rooted in commedia dell’arte but not prone to its limitations. In 1931-32 the company toured Italy, then they returned to Naples and staged for Teatro Nuovo such plays as Farmacia di turno (The On-Duty Farmacy), Tutti insieme canteremo (We’ll All Sing Together), Miseria Bella (Splendid Poverty).Шаблон:Sfn On 24 December 1931 they performed a one-act play Natale in casa Cupiello (Christmas at the Cupiello's) and it has such success that the engagement was extended for 6 months instead of one week. Soon they moved to Sannazzaro and staged there Chi è cchiu' felice 'e me (Who's Happier than Me?), Amore e balestre (Slings and Loves). Soon Pirandello give Eduardo the right to adapt Liolà, the play with Peppino in the title role had great success.Шаблон:Sfn It was followed by several other plays, gradually Compagnia del Teatro Umoristico I De Filippo grew into one of the most influential theatre companies in the country and was acknowledged as the one that made a revolution in Italian theatre.Шаблон:Sfn The protagonists of Eduardo's plays were usually misfortuned, traumatized, and scorned by the closest relatives and friends, but remained full of virtue and human dignity. The pain of the heroes was always taken from life itself and that is why Eduardo's plays resonated with the audience.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

In the late 1930s and early 1940s raising sympathies for Fascism in society made the company’s work much harder: their performances were often interrupted and the brothers received multiple threats. In 1936, 1938, and 1941 Eduardo's antifascist stance was officially condemned by the Ministry of Internal Affairs. In 1937, he refused to participate in Sabato teatrale (Theatre Saturday). In 1944, Eduardo and Peppino were included in the list of people to be exiled from Rome to the North.Шаблон:Sfn

Peppino left the troupe in 1944 due to artistic differences, so in 1945 Eduardo and Titina created Teatro di Eduardo. They debuted in Naples in Teatro San Carlo on 25 March 1945. However, Titina left the company in the early 1950s. After the war, in 1948 Eduardo bought the S. Ferdinando theatre in Naples, inaugurated in 1954.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn However, in 1954 Titina was forced to leave the company and the theatre due to health problems.Шаблон:Sfn

In 1962, the company toured in Russia, Poland, Hungary, Austria and Belgium.Шаблон:Sfn

In 1967, he presented Il Contratto at the 26th Theatre Festival in Venezia. Also in 1967, his son Luca started playing in his father's company, first under the pseudonym Luca della Porta.Шаблон:Sfn

In the 1970s, De Filippo came to London: in 1972 he brought Naples Millionaire. In 1973, Franco Zeffirelli's production of De Filippo's 1959 play Sabato, domenica e lunedi (translated as Saturday, Sunday, Monday), starring Joan Plowright, Frank Finlay and Laurence Olivier, was presented at London's National Theatre and won the London drama critics' award.[6][7][8]

On 18 December 1972, he was honoured with the Antonio Feltrinelli Award for his lifelong contribution to theatrical arts. De Filippo was praised for his poetic approach and unique way of showing drama through comedy; for breaking the limits of a dialect and opening Neapolitan culture to the world.Шаблон:Sfn

In January 1980, after several years of struggle, he finally opened his drama school in Florence.Шаблон:Sfn

In 1981, for ‘highest achievements in the arts of theatre and literature’, he was named senatore a vita by the President of the Italian Republic Sandro Pertini. In the same year, he was appointed to lead the 1981-82 course of Literature at the L’Istituto di Teatro in Rome.Шаблон:Sfn

Cinema

De Filippo first role in cinema was in Mario Bonnard's Tre uomini in frak.Шаблон:Sfn

In 1950, De Filippo filmed Napoli milionaria (Side Street Story), based on his 1945 play. He also starred in De Sica's L'oro di Napoli with Totò and Sophia Loren in 1954. In 1964, Vittorio De Sica made Matrimonio all’Italiana (Marriage Italian Style) based on De Filippo's play Filumena Marturano, where Filumena was portrayed by Sophia Loren.[9]

In 1979, Laurence Olivier filmed Filumena with Frank Finlay and Joan Plowright in the lead roles.[8]

De Filippo was the one to discover the talent of Marina Confalone, in his theatre company she thrived into one of the best Italian actresses of her time.[10][11]

Personal life

He was married three times. His first wife was Dorothy Pennington, they married in 1928 and separated after a few months.Шаблон:Sfn In 1954 he married the actress Thea Prandi, with whom De Filippo already had two children: Luisa "Luisella" and Luca. Luisella played in her father's theatre and showed remarkable talent. The couple separated in 1959. In early 1960, on Christmas holidays Luisella, stayed with her mother and brother at the Savoia-Belvedere hotel near Rome. On 5 January 1960, she suddenly lost consciousness while playing and died suddenly from a cerebral haemorrhage. De Filippo was at the rehearsal when he got the news, he never fully recovered. Luisella was buried at Verano cemetery. Thea Prandi died in 1961 from a tumour.[12][13] In 1963 he lost Titina, she died from a long illness.Шаблон:Sfn

On 4 February 1977, he married writer and playwright Isabella Quarantotti.Шаблон:Sfn The actress Angelica Ippolito is his step-daughter, born to Isabella Quarantotti and her first husband, the scientist Felice Ippolito.Шаблон:Sfn

In 1979, Peppino died.Шаблон:Sfn Eduardo De Filippo died of kidney failure on 31 October 1984, in Rome, at the age of 84. His artistic legacy was inherited by his son Luca.Шаблон:Sfn

Works

Theatre

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  • Farmacia di turno (The All-night Chemist, 1920)
  • Uomo e galantuomo (Man and Gentleman, 1922)
  • *Requie a l'anema soja/I morti non fanno paura (May his soul rest, 1926)
  • Ditegli sempre di sì (Always tell him "yes", 1927)
  • Filosoficamente (Philosophically, 1928)
  • Sik-sik, l'artefice magico (Sik-sik the magical maker, 1929)
  • Chi è cchiu' felice 'e me (Who's Happier than Me?, 1929)
  • Quei figuri di trent'anni fa (Those Dudes of 30 Years Ago, 1929)
  • Ogni anno punto e da capo (Every Year Back from the Start, 1931)
  • È arrivato 'o trentuno (The 31st is Here, 1931)
  • Natale in casa Cupiello (Christmas at the Cupiello's, 1931)
  • La voce del padrone/Il successo del giorno (Success of the Day, 1932)
  • Napoli milionaria (The Millions of Naples, 1945)
  • Filumena Marturano (1946)
  • Questi fantasmi (These Ghosts, 1946)
  • Le voci di dentro (Inner Voices, 1948)
  • La grande magia (The Great Magic, 1948)
  • La paura numero uno (The Greatest Fear, 1950)
  • Mia famiglia (Family of Mine, 1955)
  • Bene mio e core mio (My Heart, my Treasure, 1955)
  • De Pretore Vincenzo (Vincent De Pretore, 1957)
  • Sabato, domenica e lunedì (Saturday, Sunday and Monday, 1959)
  • Il sindaco del rione Sanità (Mayor of "Sanità" alley, 1961)
  • L'arte della commedia' ("The Art of Comedy", 1964)
  • Il monumento (The Monument 1970)
  • Gli esami non finiscono mai (Exams never end, 1973)

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Filmography

Файл:Napoli-milionaria.JPG
Totò and Eduardo De Filippo in Napoli Milionaria

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References

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Sources

External links

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  1. ↑ Name used only as actor; as actor and director he signed himself with both name and surname.
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ Cassell Dictionary of Italian Literature – Page 164
  7. ↑ McGraw-Hill encyclopedia of world drama: an international ...: Volume 1 – Page 19
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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