Английская Википедия:Eduardo Galeano

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Family name hatnote Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox writer Eduardo Hughes Galeano (Шаблон:IPA-es; 3 September 1940 – 13 April 2015) was a Uruguayan journalist, writer and novelist considered, among other things, "a literary giant of the Latin American left" and "global soccer's pre-eminent man of letters".

Galeano's best-known works are Las venas abiertas de América Latina (Open Veins of Latin America, 1971) and Memoria del fuego (Шаблон:Ill, 1982Шаблон:Ndash6). "I'm a writer," the author once said of himself, "obsessed with remembering, with remembering the past of America and above all that of Latin America, intimate land condemned to amnesia."

Author Isabel Allende, who said her copy of Galeano's book was one of the few items with which she fled Chile in 1973 after the military coup of Augusto Pinochet, called Open Veins of Latin America "a mixture of meticulous detail, political conviction, poetic flair, and good storytelling."

Life

Eduardo Germán María Hughes Galeano was born in Montevideo, Uruguay, on 3 September 1940. His two family names were inherited from Welsh and Italian (from Genoa) great-grandfathers; the other two were from Germany and Spain. Galeano wrote under his maternal family name; as a young man, he briefly wrote for a Uruguayan socialist publication, El Sol, signing articles as "Gius," "a pseudonym approximating the pronunciation in Spanish of his paternal surname Hughes." Galeano's family belonged to the fallen Uruguayan aristocracy.

After completing two years of secondary school, Galeano went to work at age fourteen in various jobs, including messenger and fare collector. He eventually landed at El Sol. The Uruguayan socialist weekly first published the teenager's comics prior to his writing. Galeano's passion for drawing continued throughout his life; his vignettes can be seen in many of his later books while his signature was often accompanied by a small hand-drawn pig. As a journalist throughout the 1960s Galeano rose in prominence among leftist publications, and became editor of Marcha, an influential weekly with contributors such as Mario Vargas Llosa, Mario Benedetti, Manuel Maldonado Denis and Roberto Fernández Retamar. For two years he edited the daily Época and worked as editor-in-chief of the University Press. In 1959 he married his first wife, Silvia Brando, and in 1962, having divorced, he remarried to Graciela Berro.

In 1973, a military coup took power in Uruguay; Galeano was imprisoned and later was forced to flee, going into exile in Argentina where he founded the magazine Crisis. His 1971 book Open Veins of Latin America was banned by the right-wing military government, not only in Uruguay, but also in Chile and Argentina. In 1976 he married for the third time to Helena Villagra; however, in the same year, the Videla regime took power in Argentina in a bloody military coup and his name was added to the list of those condemned by the death squads. He fled again, this time to Spain,Шаблон:Citation needed where he wrote his famous trilogy, Memoria del fuego (Memory of Fire), described as "the most powerful literary indictment of colonialism in the Americas."

Файл:Eduardo Galeano en 1984.jpg

Galeano in 1984

At the beginning of 1985 Galeano returned to Montevideo when democratization occurred. Following the victory of Tabaré Vázquez and the Broad Front alliance in the 2004 Uruguayan elections marking the first left-wing government in Uruguayan history Galeano wrote a piece for The Progressive titled "Where the People Voted Against Fear" in which Galeano showed support for the new government and concluded that the Uruguayan populace used "common sense" and were "tired of being cheated" by the traditional Colorado and Blanco parties. Following the creation of TeleSUR, a Latin American television station based in Caracas, Venezuela, in 2005 Galeano along with other left-wing intellectuals such as Tariq Ali and Adolfo Pérez Esquivel joined the network's 36 member advisory committee.

On 10 February 2007, Galeano underwent a successful operation to treat lung cancer. During an interview with journalist Amy Goodman following Barack Obama's election as President of the United States in November 2008, Galeano said: "The White House will be Barack Obama's house in the time coming, but this White House was built by black slaves. And I'd like, I hope, that he never, never forgets this." At the 17 April 2009 opening session of the 5th Summit of the Americas held in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez gave a Spanish-language copy of Galeano's Open Veins of Latin America to U.S. President Barack Obama, who was making his first diplomatic visit to the region.

In a May 2009 interview he spoke about his past and recent works, some of which deal with the relationships between freedom and slavery, and democracies and dictatorships: "not only the United States, also some European countries, have spread military dictatorships all over the world. And they feel as if they are able to teach democracy". He also talked about how and why he has changed his writing style, and his recent rise in popularity.

In April 2014 Galeano gave an interview at the II Bienal Brasil do Livro e da Leitura in which he regretted some aspects of the writing style in Las Venas Abiertas de América Latina, saying

"Time has passed, I've begun to try other things, to bring myself closer to human reality in general and to political economy specifically. 'The Open Veins' tried to be a political economy book, but I simply didn't have the necessary education. I do not regret writing it, but it is a stage that I have since passed."

This interview was picked up by many critics of Galeano's work in which they used the statement to reinforce their own criticisms. However, in an interview with Jorge Majfud he said,

"The book, written ages ago, is still alive and kicking. I am simply honest enough to admit that at this point in my life the old writing style seems rather stodgy, and that it's hard for me to recognize myself in it since I now prefer to be increasingly brief and untrammeled. [The] voices that have been raised against me and against The Open Veins of Latin America are seriously ill with bad faith."

Works

Year	Spanish title	Spanish ISBN	Spanish Publisher	English translation
1963	Los días siguientes		Alfa	The following days
1964	China
1967	Guatemala, país ocupado			Guatemala: Occupied country (1969)
1967	Reportajes
1967	Los fantasmas del día del león y otros relatos
1968	Su majestad el fútbol
1971	Las venas abiertas de América Latina	Шаблон:ISBN	Siglo XXI	Open Veins of Latin America (1973) Шаблон:ISBN
1971	Siete imágenes de Bolivia
1971	Violencia y enajenación
1972	Crónicas latinoamericanas
1973	Vagamundo	Шаблон:ISBN
1980	La canción de nosotros	Шаблон:ISBN
1977	Conversaciones con Raimón	Шаблон:ISBN
1978	Días y noches de amor y de guerra	Шаблон:ISBN	Del Chanchito	Days and Nights of Love and War Шаблон:ISBN
1980	La piedra arde
1981	Voces de nuestro tiempo	Шаблон:ISBN
1982–1986	Memoria del fuego	Шаблон:ISBN	Del Chanchito	Memory of fire: Volume I: Шаблон:Cite book Volume II: Faces and Masks. Шаблон:ISBN. Volume III: Century of the Wind. Шаблон:ISBN.
1984	Aventuras de los jóvenes dioses	Шаблон:ISBN	Siglo XXI
1985	Ventana sobre Sandino
1985	Contraseña
1986	La encrucijada de la biodiversidad colombiana
1986	El descubrimiento de América que todavía no fue y otros escritos	Шаблон:ISBN	Editorial Laia
1988–2002	El tigre azul y otros artículos	Шаблон:ISBN	Ciencias Sociales (Cuba)
1962–1987	Entrevistas y artículos		Ediciones Del Chanchito
1989	El libro de los abrazos	Шаблон:ISBN	Siglo XXI	The Book of Embraces Шаблон:ISBN
1989	Nosotros decimos no	Шаблон:ISBN	Siglo XXI
1990	América Latina para entenderte mejor
1990	Palabras: antología personal
1992	Ser como ellos y otros artículos	Шаблон:ISBN	Siglo XXI
1993	Amares	Шаблон:ISBN	Alianza, España
1993	Las palabras andantes	Шаблон:ISBN	Del Chanchito
1994	Úselo y tírelo	Шаблон:ISBN	Editorial Planeta
1995	El fútbol a sol y sombra	Шаблон:ISBN	Siglo XXI	Football (soccer) in Sun and Shadow Шаблон:ISBN
1998	Patas arriba: Escuela del mundo al revés	Шаблон:ISBN	Macchi	Upside Down: A Primer for the Looking-Glass World 2000, Шаблон:ISBN
1999	Carta al ciudadano 6.000 millones	Шаблон:ISBN	Ediciones B
2001	Tejidos. Antología	Шаблон:ISBN	Ediciones Octaedro
2004	Bocas del tiempo	Шаблон:ISBN	Catálogos Editora	Voices of time: a life in stories Шаблон:ISBN
2006	El viaje	Шаблон:ISBN
2007	Carta al señor futuro
2008	Patas arriba/ la escuela del mundo al revés	Шаблон:ISBN	Catálogos Editora
2008	Espejos	Шаблон:ISBN	Siglo XXI	Mirrors: Stories of Almost Everyone 2009, Шаблон:ISBN
2008	La resurrección del Papagayo	Шаблон:ISBN	Libros del Zorro Rojo
2011	Los hijos de los días	Шаблон:ISBN	Siglo XXI	Children of the Days: A Calendar of Human History Шаблон:ISBN
2015	Mujeres – antología	Шаблон:ISBN	Siglo XXI
2016	El cazador de historias	Шаблон:ISBN	Siglo XXI	Hunter of Stories 2017, Шаблон:ISBN
2017	Cerrado por fútbol		Siglo XXI

• Шаблон:Cite journal
• Шаблон:Cite journal

Las venas abiertas de América Latina (Open Veins of Latin America), a history of the region from the time of Columbus from the perspective of the subjugated people, is considered one of Galeano's best-known works. An English-language translation by Cedric Belfrage gained some popularity in the English-speaking world after Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez gave it as a gift to U.S. President Barack Obama in 2009.

Galeano was also an avid fan of football, writing most notably about it in Football in Sun and Shadow (El fútbol a sol y sombra). In a retrospective for SB Nation after Galeano's death, football writer Andi Thomas described the work—a history of the sport, as well as an outlet for the author's own experiences with the sport and his political polemics—as "one of the greatest books about football ever written".

Death

Galeano died on 13 April 2015 in Montevideo from lung cancer at the age of 74, survived by third wife Helena Villagra and three children.

Awards and honors

• 2006: International Human Rights Award by Global Exchange
• 2010: Stig Dagerman Prize
• 2021: Posthumous "honoris causa" prize from the National University of Misiones.

See also

• Culture of Uruguay
• List of Uruguayan writers
• Z Communications

References

Bibliography

• Шаблон:Cite journal
• Шаблон:Cite journal
• Шаблон:Cite journal

External links

• Interview with Eduardo Galeano
• Sandra Cisneros reads "Los Nadies/The Nobodies" by Eduardo Galeano from Book of Embraces, El libro de los abrazos (1989) "[1]".
• "Writer Without Borders Шаблон:Webarchive"—interview by Scott Widmer on In These Times
• "Author of the Month Шаблон:Webarchive," Escritores.org
• "Chávez creates overnight bestseller with book gift to Obama", The Guardian, 19 April 2009
• Eduardo Galeano Interviewed by Jonah Raskin by Monthly Review, October 2009
• Haiti Occupied Country
• Шаблон:C-SPAN
• "Eduardo Galeano, Chronicler of Latin America’s 'Open Veins,' on His New Book 'Children of the DaysШаблон:'" (interview), Democracy Now!, 8 May 2013