Английская Википедия:Egmont Prinz zur Lippe-Weißenfeld

Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox military person Egmont Prinz zur Lippe-Weißenfeld^{[Note 1]} (14 July 1918 – 12 March 1944) was a Luftwaffe night fighter flying ace of royal descent during World War II. A flying ace or fighter ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat.Шаблон:Sfn Prinz zur Lippe-Weißenfeld was credited with 51 aerial victories, all of them claimed in nocturnal combat missions.^{[Note 2]}

Prinz zur Lippe-Weißenfeld was born on 14 July 1918 in Salzburg, Austria and joined the infantry of the Austrian Bundesheer in 1936. He transferred to the emerging Luftwaffe, initially serving as a reconnaissance pilot in the Zerstörergeschwader 76 (ZG 76), before he transferred to the night fighter force. He claimed his first aerial victory on the night of 16 to 17 November 1940. By the end of March, he had accumulated 21 aerial victories for which he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 16 April 1942. He received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves on 2 August 1943, for 45 aerial victories. He was promoted to Major and tasked with leading Nachtjagdgeschwader 5 (NJG 5) in January 1944, before he and his crew were killed in a flight accident on 12 March 1944.

Personal life

Файл:Schloss Alt-Wartenburg.jpg

Schloss Alt-Wartenburg

Prince Egmont zur Lippe-Weißenfeld was born on 14 July 1918 in Salzburg, Austro-Hungarian Empire as a member of a cadet branch of the ruling House of Lippe. His father was Prince Alfred of Lippe-Weissenfeld (1881-1960) and his mother was born Countess Anna von Goëß (1895-1972). Egmont was the only son of four children. His sisters Carola, Sophie and Theodora were all younger than Egmont.^[1] They lived in an old castle in Upper Austria called Alt Wartenburg, which the family inherited through his mother.Шаблон:Sfn At birth he had a remote chance of succeeding to the throne of the Principality of Lippe, a small state within the German Empire. However, only months after his birth, Germany became a republic and all the German royal houses were forced to abdicate.

Prinz zur Lippe-Weißenfeld in his younger years was very enthusiastic about the mountains and wildlife. From his fourteenth year he participated in hunting. At the same time he was also very much interested in music and sports and discovered his love for flying at the Gaisberg near Salzburg. Here he attended the glider flying school of the Austrian Aëro Club. He attended a basic flying course with the second air regiment in Graz and Wiener Neustadt even before he joined the military service.Шаблон:Sfn

Prinz zur Lippe-Weißenfeld never married or had children. In January 1941 he became acquainted with Hannelore Ide, nicknamed Idelein. She was a secretary for a Luftgau. The two shared a close relationship and spent as much time together as the war permitted, listening to music and sailing on the IJsselmeer until his death in 1944.Шаблон:Sfn

Military service

Prinz zur Lippe-Weißenfeld joined the Austrian Bundesheer in 1936 at the age of 18, initially serving in the infantry. In the aftermaths of the 1938 Anschluss, the incorporation of Austria into Greater Germany by Nazi Germany, he transferred to the German Luftwaffe and was promoted to Leutnant in 1939. He had earned his Luftwaffe Pilots Badge on 5 October 1938 and underwent further training at Fürstenfeldbruck, Schleißheim and Vienna-Aspern.Шаблон:Sfn His Luftwaffe career started with the II. Gruppe (2nd group) of the Zerstörergeschwader 76 (ZG 76) before he was transferred to the night fighter wing Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 (NJG 1) on 4 August 1940.^{[Note 3]} The unit was based at Gütersloh where he familiarised himself with the methods of the night fighters.Шаблон:Sfn

Night fighter career

Файл:Kammhuber Line Map - Agent Tegal.png

A map of part of the Kammhuber Line. The 'belt' and night fighter 'boxes' are shown.

Following the 1939 aerial Battle of the Heligoland Bight, Royal Air Force (RAF) attacks shifted to the cover of darkness, initiating the Defence of the Reich campaign.Шаблон:Sfn By mid-1940, Generalmajor (Brigadier General) Josef Kammhuber had established a night air defense system dubbed the Kammhuber Line. It consisted of a series of control sectors equipped with radars and searchlights and an associated night fighter. Each sector named a Himmelbett (canopy bed) would direct the night fighter into visual range with target bombers. In 1941, the Luftwaffe started equipping night fighters with airborne radar such as the Lichtenstein radar. This airborne radar did not come into general use until early 1942.Шаблон:Sfn

Файл:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-658-6357-22, Reichsgebiet, Funkleitstelle.jpg

Nightly briefing at the group headquarter

By the summer of 1940, the first night fighters were transferred to Leeuwarden in the Netherlands. Prinz zur Lippe-Weißenfeld was one of the pilots included in this small detachment. As early as 20 October 1940, he had taken over command of an independent night fighter commando at Schiphol and later at Bergen. On his first encounter with the Royal Air Force (RAF) bomber, in the night of 16 to 17 November 1940, he claimed a Vickers Wellington bomber from No. 115 Squadron RAF shot down at 02:05 hours.Шаблон:Sfn His second victory was claimed on the night of 15 January 1941, when he shot down an Armstrong Whitworth Whitley N1521 of the Linton-on-Ouse based No. 58 Squadron RAF over the northern Netherlands, near the Dutch coast in the Zwanenwater at a nature reserve at Callantsoog.Шаблон:Sfn He was wounded in action on 13 March 1941, while flying Bf 110 D-2 (Werknummer 3376 – factory number) of the 4./NJG 1 with his radio operator Josef Renette when he made an emergency landing at Bergen after their aircraft was hit by the defence fire, wounding them both.Шаблон:Sfn Shortly after midnight on 10 April 1941, Prinz zur Lippe-Weißenfeld claimed a No. 12 Squadron RAF Wellington over the IJsselmeer, raising NJG 1's victory score to 100. This achievement was celebrated at the Amstel Hotel in Amsterdam with General Kammhuber, Wolfgang Falck, Werner Streib, Helmut Lent and others attending.Шаблон:Sfn On 30 June 1941 while flying Bf 110 C-4 (Werknummer 3273) on a practice intercept mission over North Holland, he collided with Bf 110 C-7 (Werknummer 2075) piloted by Leutnant Rudolf Schoenert of the 4./NJG 1 and crashed near Bergen aan Zee.Шаблон:Sfn On 19 June 1941 he earned his first of four references in the daily Wehrmachtbericht, a daily bulletin from the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (High Command of the Armed Forces).Шаблон:Sfn By end July 1941, his number of aerial victory claims stood at eleven.Шаблон:Sfn Promoted to Oberleutnant he became Staffelkapitän of the 5th Staffel of Nachtjagdgeschwader 2 (NJG 2—2nd Night Fighter Wing) on 1 November 1941.Шаблон:Sfn By the end of 1941, he had claimed a total of 15 aerial victories.Шаблон:Sfn

He was awarded the German Cross in Gold (Шаблон:Lang) on 25 January 1942 and the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Шаблон:Lang) on 16 April 1942 after he had shot down 4 RAF bombers in the night of 26 to 27 March 1942, his score standing at 21 aerial victories.Шаблон:Sfn Promoted to Hauptmann, Prinz zur Lippe-Weißenfeld was made Gruppenkommandeur of the I. Gruppe (1st group) of Nachtjagdgeschwader 3 (NJG 3—3rd Night Fighter Wing) on 15 October 1942,Шаблон:Sfn where he claimed two further aerial victories.Шаблон:Sfn He was transferred again, taking command of the III. Gruppe (3rd group) of NJG 1 on 11 June 1943.Шаблон:Sfn One month later he claimed his 45th aerial victory for which he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (Шаблон:Lang) on 2 August 1943.Шаблон:Sfn The presentation was made by Adolf Hitler at the Wolf's Lair, Hitler's headquarters in Rastenburg, present-day Kętrzyn in Poland on 10/11 August. Five other Luftwaffe officers were presented with awards that day by Hitler, Hauptmann Heinrich Ehrler, Oberleutnant Joachim Kirschner, Hauptmann Manfred Meurer, Hauptmann Werner Schröer, Oberleutnant Theodor Weissenberger were also awarded the Oak Leaves, and Major Helmut Lent received the Swords to his Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves.Шаблон:Sfn

Wing commander and death

Файл:Deutscher Soldatenfriedhof Ysselsteyn - Egmont Prinz zur Lippe Weissenfeld.jpg

German War Cemetery Ysselsteyn - Egmont Prinz zur Lippe Weissenfeld

After a one-month hospital stay, Prinz zur Lippe-Weißenfeld was promoted to Major and made Geschwaderkommodore of Nachtjagdgeschwader 5 (NJG 5—5th Night Fighter Wing) on 20 February 1944.Шаблон:Sfn He and his crew, Oberfeldwebel Josef Renette and Unteroffizier Kurt Röber, were killed in a flying accident on 12 March 1944 on a routine flight from Parchim to Athies-sous-Laon. Above Belgium, they seem to have encountered a bad weather zone with low clouds and a dense snowstorm and it was assumed that the aircraft hit the high Ardennes ground after being forced to fly lower because of ice forming on the wings.Шаблон:Sfn The exact circumstances of this flight may never be known, the Bf 110 G-4 C9+CD (Werknummer 720 010—factory number) crashed into the Ardennes mountains near St. Hubert where the completely burned-out wreck was found the following day.Шаблон:Sfn The funeral service was held in the city church of Linz on 15 March 1944.Шаблон:Sfn Prinz Egmont zur Lippe-Weißenfeld and Prinz Heinrich Prinz zu Sayn-Wittgenstein are buried side by side at Ysselsteyn in the Netherlands.Шаблон:Sfn

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to Obermaier, Prinz zur Lippe-Weißenfeld was credited with 51 nocturnal aerial victories.Шаблон:Sfn Foreman, Mathews and Parry, authors of Luftwaffe Night Fighter Claims 1939 – 1945, list 50 nocturnal victory claims, numerically ranging from 1 to 50. His 49th claim is numerically labeled as his 59th victory.Шаблон:Sfn Mathews and Foreman also published Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, listing Prinz zur Lippe-Weißenfeld with 47 claims, plus four further unconfirmed claims.Шаблон:Sfn

Chronicle of aerial victoriesШаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend
Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location	Serial No./Squadron No.
– 4. Staffel of Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 –
1	17 November 1940	02:05	Wellington Шаблон:Sfn	Шаблон:Convert west of Medemblik
2	15 January 1941	22:46	Whitley Шаблон:Sfn	Шаблон:Convert north of Petten	Whitley N1521/No. 58 Squadron RAF Шаблон:Sfn
3	10 April 1941	00:59	WellingtonШаблон:Sfn	south of Den Helder	Wellington W5375/No. 12 Squadron RAF Шаблон:Sfn
4	9 May 1941	02:48	WellingtonШаблон:Sfn	Anna Paulowna	Wellington R1226/No. 214 Squadron RAF Шаблон:Sfn
5	11 May 1941	00:20	Stirling Шаблон:Sfn	Шаблон:Convert southwest of Medemblik	Stirling N3654/No. 15 Squadron RAF Шаблон:Sfn
6	13 June 1941	01:10	WhitleyШаблон:Sfn	Шаблон:Convert north of Medemblik
7	19 June 1941	00:53	WellingtonШаблон:Sfn	west of Enkhuizen
8	23 June 1941	00:15	WellingtonШаблон:Sfn	Insinghuizen	Wellington T2990/No. 311 (Czechoslovak) Squadron RAF Шаблон:Sfn
9	14 July 1941	00:28	WellingtonШаблон:Sfn	south Medemblik	Wellington R1502/No. 115 Squadron RAF Шаблон:Sfn
10	25 July 1941	02:23	WellingtonШаблон:Sfn	Шаблон:Convert southwest of Medemblik
11	26 July 1941	03:20	WhitleyШаблон:Sfn	Шаблон:Convert west of De Kooy
– 5. Staffel of Nachtjagdgeschwader 2 –
12	8 November 1941	00:41	WhitleyШаблон:Sfn	east of Medemblik
13	8 November 1941	01:20	WellingtonШаблон:Sfn	west of Alkmaar
14	8 November 1941	23:03	WhitleyШаблон:Sfn	Шаблон:Convert north of Alkmaar
15	27 December 1941	23:03	WhitleyШаблон:Sfn	Шаблон:Convert southwest of Petten
16	24 February 1942	21:45	Hampden Шаблон:Sfn	north of Terschelling	Hampden AT194/No. 144 Squadron RAF Шаблон:Sfn
17	24 February 1942	22:02	HampdenШаблон:Sfn	north of Terschelling
18	26 March 1942	22:27	WellingtonШаблон:Sfn	near De Kooy
19	26 March 1942	22:40	Manchester Шаблон:Sfn
20	26 March 1942	22:55	WellingtonШаблон:Sfn	north of IJmuiden
21	26 March 1942	23:16	WellingtonШаблон:Sfn	near Edam
22	4 June 1942	00:50	WellingtonШаблон:Sfn	southeast of Vlieland
23	7 June 1942	01:47	StirlingШаблон:Sfn	west of Terschelling
24	12 June 1942	03:08	Lancaster Шаблон:Sfn	north of Ameland
25	21 June 1942	01:43	Halifax Шаблон:Sfn	Шаблон:Convert northwest of Groningen
26	21 June 1942	01:45	WellingtonШаблон:Sfn	Шаблон:Convert northwest of Groningen
27	21 June 1942	01:56	WellingtonШаблон:Sfn	north of Ameland
28	26 June 1942	01:05	WellingtonШаблон:Sfn	Terschelling	Wellington T2723/No. 20 Operational Training Unit RAFШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn
29	26 June 1942	01:52	WellingtonШаблон:Sfn	Шаблон:Convert north of Vlieland	Hudson AM794/No. 1 (Coastal) Operational Training Unit RAF Шаблон:Sfn
30	30 June 1942	03:08	WellingtonШаблон:Sfn	south of Ameland
31	3 July 1942	00:54	HampdenШаблон:Sfn	south of Koudum	Hampden AT248/No. 420 Squadron RCAF Шаблон:Sfn
32	3 July 1942	01:09	WellingtonШаблон:Sfn	north of Urk
33	3 July 1942	03:05	StirlingШаблон:Sfn
34	20 July 1942	02:52	HalifaxШаблон:Sfn	north of Terschelling
35?Шаблон:Refn	28 August 1942	01:50	WellingtonШаблон:Sfn	PQ 446, over sea
36	5 September 1942	03:39	HalifaxШаблон:Sfn	Шаблон:Convert southwest of Leeuwarden	Halifax W1220/No. 103 Squadron RAF Шаблон:Sfn
37	23 September 1942	23:36	WellingtonШаблон:Sfn	Шаблон:Convert northwest of Vlieland
– Stab I. Gruppe of Nachtjagdgeschwader 3 –
38	17 January 1943	22:13	HalifaxШаблон:Sfn	Шаблон:Convert north of Leer
—?Шаблон:Refn	21/22 January 1943	Шаблон:Center	Halifax	north-northwest of Emden
39	14 May 1943	01:11	HalifaxШаблон:Sfn	Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of Hengelo	Lancaster ED543/No. 467 Squadron RAAF Шаблон:Sfn
– Stab III. Gruppe of Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 –
40	13 June 1943	01:22	LancasterШаблон:Sfn	Шаблон:Convert northwest of Burgsteinfurt	Halifax JB790/No. 408 (Goose) Squadron RCAF Шаблон:Sfn
41	13 June 1943	01:34	LancasterШаблон:Sfn	Шаблон:Convert north of Nienberg	Halifax DK177/No. 76 Squadron RAF Шаблон:Sfn
42	23 June 1943	02:47	StirlingШаблон:Sfn	Шаблон:Convert south of Markelo	Stirling EF399/No. 75 Squadron RNZAF Шаблон:Sfn
43?^{[Note 4]}	23 June 1943	02:55	StirlingШаблон:Sfn
44	30 July 1943	01:40	LancasterШаблон:Sfn	Hägbluer Holz
45?^{[Note 4]}	3 August 1943	02:26	HalifaxШаблон:Sfn	Шаблон:Convert south of Stade
46	6 September 1943	00:36	StirlingШаблон:Sfn	Шаблон:Convert southeast of Hassloch	Stirling EH931/No. 620 Squadron RAF Шаблон:Sfn
47	29 September 1943	21:44	HalifaxШаблон:Sfn	Шаблон:Convert south of Hengelo
48	29 September 1943	21:55	HalifaxШаблон:Sfn	Шаблон:Convert northwest of Legden
49	16 December 1943	18:50	LancasterШаблон:Sfn	north of Ahlhorn	Lancaster EE188/No. 9 Squadron RAF Шаблон:Sfn
50	16 December 1943	19:00	LancasterШаблон:Sfn	northwest of Nordhorn	Lancaster JB543/No. 7 Squadron RAF Шаблон:Sfn

Awards

Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe in GoldШаблон:Sfn
Iron Cross (1939)
- 2nd Class (17 December 1940)Шаблон:Sfn
- 1st Class (17 January 1941)Шаблон:Sfn
Wound Badge in BlackШаблон:Sfn
German Cross in Gold on 25 January 1942 as Oberleutnant in the 5./Nachtjagdgeschwader 2Шаблон:Sfn
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
- Knight's Cross on 16 April 1942 as Oberleutnant and Staffelkapitän of the 5./Nachtjagdgeschwader 2Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn
- 263rd Oak Leaves on 2 August 1943 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of the III./Nachtjagdgeschwader 1Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn

Notes

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References

Citations

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Bibliography

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Шаблон:Top German World War II night fighter aces Шаблон:Subject bar Шаблон:Authority control Шаблон:Good article

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