Английская Википедия:Einsatzstaffel (Independent State of Croatia)

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Шаблон:Infobox military unit The Einsatzstaffel der Deutschen Mannschaft[1] (EDM) (Шаблон:Literally) was a military unit of the Axis puppet state the Independent State of Croatia (NDH), whose members were ethnic Germans (Volksdeutsche) who lived in Slavonia and Syrmia (in modern-day Croatia and Serbia).[2] The EDM was part of the Ustaše Militia.Шаблон:Sfn

Establishment and organization

The establishment of the Einsatzstaffel der Deutschen Mannschaft was proposed to Ante Pavelić by Branimir Altgayer, leader of the German population in the NDH.[3] The EDM was established based on the legislative provisions about establishment of the political army of members of German population (Шаблон:Lang-hr) adopted on 31 July 1941.Шаблон:Sfn The EDM was part of the "Deutsche Mannschaft" organization composed of members of the Volksdeutsche community selected from men of age between 18 and 45 who were supporters of Nazism.Шаблон:Sfn The "Deutsche Mannschaft" had two main bodies, general part and military formation - Einsatzstaffel.[4] Initially, their name was Waffenabteilung der Deutschen Mannschaft which was renamed to Einsatzstaffel der Deutschen Mannschaft.[5] The EDM was part of the Ustaše Militia, which was nominally under the command of the Ministry of the Croatian Home Guard.Шаблон:Sfn The soldiers of the EDM took an oath of allegiance to both Ante Pavelić and Hitler.[6]

Altgayer, who had a title of Folksgruppenfuhrer, set initial organization of the EDM on 15 October 1941 when he issued military directives of organization and use of the EDM.Шаблон:Sfn The organization of the EDM included:[7]

  • the General Staff (Headquarters)
  • two active companies
  • four reserve companies
  • staff guard

The first volunteer units were organized as battalion in October 1941[8] with three companies.Шаблон:SfnThe directives issues by Altgayer were cancelled on 12 January 1942 and replaced with temporary directives of organization and use of the EDM.Шаблон:Sfn At the beginning of 1943 the EDM consisted of four battalions.[9] The first battalion they established was named Prinz Eugen, followed by Ludwig von Baden, General Laudon and Max Emanuel von Bayern.Шаблон:Sfn In the first half of 1943 in Osijek the Supplementary Battalion (Шаблон:Lang-de) of the EDM was established consisting of two companies with 277 soldiers and 3 officers.Шаблон:Sfn In the same period the Motorized Battalion (Шаблон:Lang-de) of the EDM was also established.Шаблон:Sfn Eventually, the EDM reached regimental size.Шаблон:Sfn

The members of the EDM used grey uniforms similar to those worn by the Waffen SS, with SS badges of rank.[10]Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Germans who enlisted into the EDM were able to serve an army together with members of their community, close to their homes.Шаблон:Sfn The SS was not satisfied with this arrangement because they needed new German recruits for the Eastern Front, so the NDH agreed to make 10% of all eligible members of Volksdeutsche available to be recruited into the Waffen SS.Шаблон:Sfn In September 1942, the reorganization of the EDM began with the goal of incorporating them into the Waffen SS and the German police. By 1 May 1943, the EDM was disbanded and its members mostly joined the SS.Шаблон:Sfn Of the 10,270 Germans enlisted in the SS and other German units at that time, the vast majority previously served in the EDM.Шаблон:Sfn

Engagements

In the period between 27 June and 3 July 1941 about 1,500 EDM troops commanded by Jakob Lichtenberger participated in the operations against resistance members in eastern Syrmia (modern-day Serbia) east of the line Beočin - Voganj - Šimanovci - Progar.[11]

The EDM was in charge of the Lobor concentration camp and provided the commander of the camp, the staff and its guards.[12] They were also in charge of the Tenja concentration camp.[13]

At the beginning of September 1941 the representative of Germany, Siegfried Kache, leader of the German population of the NDH, Branimir Altagayer, the župan of Vuka, and other German and NDH representatives agreed to dispatch one company of the EDM with 300 soldiers to participate in the Mačva operation against Partisan and Chetnik forces in Serbian region of Mačva between 24 September and 7 November 1941.[14]

According to a 1944 list compiled by local German organizations, from May 1941 to mid-October 1943, a total of 441 members of the military unit were killed in action while fighting the Yugoslav Partisans.Шаблон:Sfn

Ranks

Collar Insignia Shoulder Insignia Rank Translation
Файл:Blank.svg Файл:SS-Brigadeführer h.svg ES-Шаблон:Lang General
Файл:Blank.svg Файл:Blank.svg ES-Шаблон:Lang Colonel
Файл:Blank.svg Файл:Blank.svg ES-Шаблон:Lang Lieutenant Colonel
Файл:Blank.svg Файл:WMacht H OF3 Maj Inf h.svg ES-Шаблон:Lang Major
Файл:Blank.svg Файл:Blank.svg ES-Шаблон:Lang Captain
Файл:Blank.svg Файл:Blank.svg ES-Шаблон:Lang Senior Lieutenant
Файл:Blank.svg Файл:WMacht H OF1b Lt Inf h.svg ES-Шаблон:Lang Lieutenant
Файл:Blank.svg Файл:WMacht KM OR6 Fähnr zS h 1935-1945.svg ES-Шаблон:Lang Officer cadet
Файл:Blank.svg Файл:EDM-Stabsfeldwebel h.svg ES-Шаблон:Lang Regimental sergeant major
Файл:Blank.svg Файл:EDM-Oberfeldwebel h.svg ES-Шаблон:Lang Sergeant Major
Файл:EDM-Feldwebel collar.svg Файл:EDM-Feldwebel h.svg ES-Шаблон:Lang Staff sergeant
Файл:EDM-Unteroffizier collar.svg Файл:SS-Unterscharführer h.svg ES-Шаблон:Lang Corporal
Файл:EDM-Obergefreiter collar.svg Файл:SS-Mannschaft.svg ES-Шаблон:Lang Lance corporal
Файл:EDM-Gefreiter collar.svg ES-Шаблон:Lang Senior Private
Файл:EDM-Schütze collar.svg ES-Шаблон:Lang Private
Source:Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Sources

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

Шаблон:Yugoslav Axis collaborationism Шаблон:Ranks, uniforms, and insignia of Nazi Germany

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Harv:"the Croatian army and even accepted the minority's paramilitary formation, the Einsatzstaffel der Deutsche Mannschaft, into the"
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Harv:"Deutsche Mannschaft « sastojao se iz opšteg dela i vojne formacije » Einsatzstaffel « , .. , a u okviru Ustaške vojnice . » Folksdojčeri « sa područja severozapadne Hrvatske , ..."
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Harv:"Proveo ustroj oružanih snaga folksdojčera u NDH (Waffenabteilung der Deutschen Mannschaft, poslije preimenovano u Einsatzstaffel der Deutschen Mannschaft) i bio..."
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Harv:"...formiraju ES ( Einsatzstaffel ) jedinice , s tim što su njihovi pripadnici polagali zakletvu na vernost Hitleru i Paveliću "
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Harv:"In October 1941 , an action squad of the German community ( Einsatzstaffel der Deutschen Mannschaft ) was formed from ethnic Germans in Croatia . "
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Harv:" Volunteers were issued with field grey Waffen - SS uniform and SS badges of rank , with the ..."
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
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