Английская Википедия:El Apóstol

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox film El Apóstol (English: The Apostle) is a 1917 lost Argentine animated film using cutout animation. Italian-Argentine immigrants Quirino Cristiani and Federico Valle directed and produced, respectively. Historians consider it the world's first animated feature film. The film began production after the success of Cristiani and Valle's short film, La intervención a la provincia de Buenos Aires, and was produced in less than ten months or in twelve months; accounts differ. Its script was written by Alfonso de Laferrére, the background models of Buenos Aires were created by Шаблон:Ill, and the initial character designs were drawn by Diógenes Taborda.

El Apóstol is a satire based on Argentina's president at the time, Hipólito Yrigoyen. In the film, Yrigoyen dreams about going to Mount Olympus and discussing politics with the gods before using one of Zeus's lightning bolts to cleanse Buenos Aires of corruption. Well-received at the time in Buenos Aires, it was not distributed in other Argentine provinces or other countries. The film was destroyed in a 1926 fire in Valle's studio.

Plot

Argentine president Hipólito Yrigoyen dreams about ascending to Olympus dressed as an apostle. He speaks with the gods about the deeds and misdeeds of the porteños, and how they laugh at him and every political program he sets up. A few congressmen appear, and express their positions. Yrigoyen discusses the level of chaos in the capital administration with the gods, and the government's financial situation. After the discussion, Yrigoyen asks Zeus for lightning bolts to cleanse Buenos Aires of immorality and corruption. Zeus grants his request; lightning bolts consume the city's main buildings, and Yrigoyen awakens.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Production

Шаблон:Anchor

Background

Valle was an industrial-film producer who produced a newsreel, Acutalidades Valle.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn He hired Quirino Cristiani, known at the time for caricatures in daily newspapers, to help animate an experimental political vignette for Valle's newsreel. They made La intervención a la provincia de Buenos Aires (English: Intervention in the Province of Bueno Aires), a one-minute sketch ridiculing governor Marcelino Ugarte.Шаблон:Sfn The film used paper-cut animationШаблон:Sfn which Cristiani learned from a film by Émile Cohl.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Although many Argentine sources identify the release of La intervención a la provincia de Buenos Aires as 1916, its actual release date is unknown.Шаблон:Sfn The film was a success.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Writing and animation

After the success of La intervención a la provincia de Buenos Aires in 1916,Шаблон:Sfn Valle began working on a full-length political satire film which became El Apóstol.Шаблон:Sfn El Apóstol was a satire based on President Yrigoyen.Шаблон:Sfn Valle hired Alfonso de Laferrére to write the script, and Andrés Ducaus to build 3D models of buildings in Buenos Aires.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Laferrere asked Cristiani if he would be interested in being the principal animator (equivalent to directing);Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Cristiani said yes, but he would need help due to the amount of work required.Шаблон:Sfn The animation method would be identical to that of La intervención a la provincia de Buenos Aires.Шаблон:Sfn

To attract publicity, Valle hired the popular cartoonist Diógenes "El Mono" Taborda.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Taborda liked the idea of bringing his caricatures to life, and gave Cristiani sketches of the characters.Шаблон:Sfn Cristiani was dismayed, however; although he thought they were good, they were too rigid and detailed for him to animate.Шаблон:Sfn Taborda left the production, daunted by the amount of work needed to complete the film, but allowed Cristiani to make his drawings simpler and easier to animate.Шаблон:Sfn It is unknown how long El Apóstol took to produce, but it was quick for an animated film;Шаблон:Sfn production was estimated at less than ten months,Шаблон:Sfn or twelve months.Шаблон:Sfn[1] A total of 58,000 frames were filmed, which clocked in at one hour and ten minutes.[2]

Release and reception

El Apóstol was released on November 9, 1917, at the Cine Select-Suipacha.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The film was successful in Buenos Aires,[3] with many newspapers favorably reviewing the film.Шаблон:Sfn The destruction of Buenos Aires near the end of the film was considered its most impressive scene.Шаблон:Sfn It was so successful that it was shown several times daily for six monthsШаблон:Sfn before it was banned by the Buenos Aires town council as a caricature of the current political situation.Шаблон:Sfn Because it appealed primarily to Buenos Aires residents, it was not distributed elsewhere in Argentina or abroad. As a result, it was not well-known at the time.Шаблон:Sfn

Legacy

El Apóstol became known as the first animated feature-length film.[1]Шаблон:Sfn[3][4] Quirino Cristiani reportedly received little credit for the film; he was paid $1,000, and received a small opening credit.Шаблон:Sfn Cristiani left Federico Valle due to Valle's interference with his work,Шаблон:Sfn and Valle never made another animated feature film.Шаблон:Sfn Cristiani worked on many animated short films during his career,Шаблон:Sfn[4] and at least two other animated feature films: Sin dejar rastros (Without Leaving a Trace)Шаблон:Sfn and Peludópolis.Шаблон:Sfn

Sin dejar rastros was based on the sinking of an Argentine merchant ship by a German submarine which was blamed on the Allies in an attempt to get Argentina to enter World War I; however, President Yrigoyen kept the country neutral.Шаблон:Sfn The film was shown for one day (May 17, 1918)Шаблон:Sfn before it was confiscated by the Ministry of Foreign AffairsШаблон:Sfn to avoid inflaming public opinion and creating more problems between Argentina and Germany,Шаблон:Sfn and was never seen again.[4]Шаблон:Sfn Peludópolis, produced from 1928 to 1931Шаблон:Sfn and the world's first animated feature-length sound film,[5]Шаблон:Sfn satirized the greed of Yrigoyen and his ministers.Шаблон:Sfn The film, about a group of pirates led by El Peludo who hijack a ship and sail it to Republica Quesolandia (the Republic of Cheeseland),Шаблон:Sfn had a troubled production history due to its political content (necessitating a new ending).Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Released on September 16 (or 18), 1931,Шаблон:Sfn it was not well-receivedШаблон:Sfn as the Great Depression struck Argentina.Шаблон:Sfn Cristiani withdrew Peludópolis from circulation in 1933, after Yriyogen's death, and retired from the animation industry in 1941.Шаблон:Sfn

A 1926 fire destroyed Valle's film studio, including his equipmentШаблон:Sfn and the only known copy of El Apóstol. It is now considered a lost film.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn[4][5] Cristiani's studio burned down twice (in 1958 and 1961),[4]Шаблон:Sfn[5][2] and most of his work is currently lost.[4] The only surviving animated film on which Cristiani worked is El Mono relojero, which used cels and did not reflect most of his other work.[4] Available information about El Apóstol comes from Argentine film records, the Cristiani family archives, and Cristiani's memories as recorded by Giannalberto Bendazzi.Шаблон:Sfn[2][5]

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Sources

External links

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Шаблон:Cite news
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,5 4,6 Шаблон:Cite news
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 Шаблон:Cite magazine
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