Английская Википедия:El Víbora
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox magazine El Víbora (Spanish: The Viper) was a Spanish language monthly alternative comics magazine published in Barcelona, Spain, between 1979 and 2005, with a peak monthly circulation of 80,000 copies.[1] The magazine was subtitled "Comix for Survivors".[2]
History and profile
El Víbora was established in December 1979.[3][4] The founders were a group of Spanish cartoonists led by Josep Maria Berenguer.[2] Catalan comics publisher Josep Toutain financed the establishment of the magazine[2] which was published by La Cúpula.[5]
Josep Maria Berenguer wanted to name the magazine as GOMA 3, a reference to Goma-2, an explosive notoriously used by the Basque terrorist/nationalist organization ETA during the 1970s.[2] However, the name was rejected by the Spanish authorities.[2]
El Víbora was published monthly[6] and had its headquarters in Barcelona.[7] The contributors included not only Spanish but also French and American authors,[3] including Peter Bagge, Robert Crumb and Charles Burns.[4][8] Native contributors were Max, Nazario, Mariscal, Pons, and Laura Pérez Vernetti.[2][9] Of them, Max created the characters of Gustavo, Peter Pank, Gallardo and Mediavilla.[2] Hernán Migoya served as the editor-in-chief of the magazine from 1992 to 1998.[2] The last editor was Sergi Puertas.[4]
El Víbora sold 45,000 copies in 1983.[4] Its circulation was 6,000 copies in 2004[4] just before its last issue in January 2005.[3] The magazine ran over 300 issues during its existence.[8]
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the magazine was revived online, free of charge, as El Víbora para supervivientes (~ for survivors) for the duration of the lockdown in Spain. It contained mostly material from the original issues plus articles about coronavirus, with a cover about COVID-19.[1][10] This revival lasted for six weekly issues.[11]
See also
References
- Английская Википедия
- 1979 comics debuts
- 2005 comics endings
- 1979 establishments in Spain
- 2005 disestablishments in Spain
- Alternative magazines
- Comics magazines published in Spain
- Defunct magazines published in Spain
- Magazines established in 1979
- Magazines disestablished in 2005
- Magazines published in Barcelona
- Monthly magazines published in Spain
- Spanish-language magazines
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
