Английская Википедия:Elaeocarpus grandis

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Elaeocarpus grandis, commonly known as the blue quandong, silver quandong or blue fig, is a species of flowering plant in the family Elaeocarpaceae which was first described in 1860. It is a large buttressed tree native to the coastal rainforests of northeastern Australia. The validity of this taxon is disputed, with some authorities accepting it and others presenting it as Elaeocarpus angustifolius.

Description

Elaeocarpus grandis is a large tree that may grow to a height of Шаблон:Cvt.Шаблон:R The trunk is usually straight and cylindrical with pale grey bark marked by vertical lines.Шаблон:R Buttress roots are present even on smaller trees, becoming large and elaborate on older trees.Шаблон:R The crown is sparse and open, the branches layered, with the leaves clustered towards the ends of the twigs.Шаблон:R

The leaves are bright green above and paler below, turning bright red before falling;Шаблон:R it is common to see red leaves in the canopy at any time of year.Шаблон:R The leaves are simple, i.e. without divisions or lobes, and arranged alternately on the twigs.Шаблон:R They are oblong to elliptic and measure up to Шаблон:Cvt long and Шаблон:Cvt wide,Шаблон:R and are regularly and shallowly toothed.Шаблон:R They are held on a petiole up to Шаблон:Cvt long and have many small domatia on the underside.Шаблон:R

The blue quandong begins to flower around the seventh year,Шаблон:R and the inflorescences are racemes up to Шаблон:Cvt long, produced in the leaf axils and on the branches below the leaves.Шаблон:R They each bear 12–16 fragrant, pale green to white flowers on pedicels about Шаблон:Cvt long.Шаблон:R The flowers measure about Шаблон:Cvt wide and Шаблон:Cvt long, with five petals that have thin lobes at their apices, giving them a fringed appearance.Шаблон:R They have between fifty and seventy stamens.Шаблон:R

The fruit is an almost spherical blue drupe, measuring about Шаблон:Cvt in diameter.Шаблон:R Beneath the skin there is a thin layer of green flesh around the deeply sculptured stone.Шаблон:R The stone contains between two and five seeds.Шаблон:R

Phenology

Flowering and fruiting appears to occur throughout the year. The Australian botanist Wendy Elizabeth Cooper has stated that flowering of E. grandis occurs from October to March and fruit appear in any month.Шаблон:R The citizen-science website iNaturalist compiles phenology data from the observations that are uploaded to it, which shows that flowering has been observed in this species in all months except August, September and October, while fruit were observed in every month but with a significant surge of sightings from June to November.Шаблон:R

Taxonomy and naming

Elaeocarpus grandis was first described in 1860 by the German-born Australian botanist Ferdinand von Mueller in his massive work Fragmenta phytographiæ Australiæ. It was based on plant material collected by himself and a Mr. Hill on the banks of the Pine River.Шаблон:R In 1984 the British botanist Mark James Elgar Coode published a 98-page paper covering the genus Elaeocarpus in Australia and New Zealand, in which he reduced E. grandis to synonymy under E. angustifolius.Шаблон:RШаблон:Rp However, in 2010 it was again accepted as a valid species by the Australian Plant Census.

Taxonomic status

This species is an unresolved taxon, meaning that various authorities disagree on its validity. It is recognised by the national taxonomic authority in Australia, the Australian Plant Census, and by Plants of the World Online.Шаблон:R It is also recognised by the authorities of both Australian states in which it is purported to exist, i.e. Queensland and New South Wales.Шаблон:R On the other hand, other well recognised world authorities, such as World Flora Online and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, consider it to be a synonym of E. angustifolius.Шаблон:R

Etymology

The genus name Elaeocarpus is derived from the Greek words ελιά (eliá) meaning "olive", and καρπός (karpós) meaning "fruit", which is a reference to the superficial similarity of the fruits of the two taxa. The species epithet grandis is the Latin word for "large", referring to the great height that this tree will grow to.Шаблон:R

Distribution and habitat

The blue quandong grows in well developed tropical and subtropical rainforest, often along watercourses. Its range is the coastal forests from the islands of the Torres Strait, through to the Nambucca River in northeastern New South Wales.Шаблон:R In north Queensland the altitudinal range is from sea level to Шаблон:Cvt.Шаблон:R

Ecology

The fruit of E. grandis are eaten by a variety of birds and animals, including the southern cassowary;Шаблон:R the wompoo, rose-crowned and superb fruit doves;Шаблон:R the pied imperial, topknot and white-headed pigeons;Шаблон:R the eastern tube-nosed bat and the spectacled flying fox;Шаблон:R the musky rat-kangaroo and native rats;Шаблон:R and Lumholtz's tree-kangaroo.Шаблон:R

The larvae of the moths Echiomima mythica and Eschatura lemurias bore into the timber of fallen trees,Шаблон:R and were subsequently eaten by people of the Kuku Yalanji nation.Шаблон:R

Cultivation

The blue quandong is ideal for large gardens and parks, but it's sheer size make it unsuitable for suburban home gardens or planting near drains. About 50 of these trees have been planted throughout the city of Cairns.Шаблон:R

Uses

Timber

The species is well regarded for its timber and as a key part in regenerating rainforest.Шаблон:R In the colonial period, the timber was used for furniture, construction and for racing sculls and oars.Шаблон:R

Use as food

Indigenous Australians ate the fruit raw or buried the unripe fruit in sand for four days making it sweet and more palatable. Early settlers used the fruit for jams, pies and pickles.Шаблон:R

Decoration

Aboriginal people used the stones to make necklaces.

Gallery

• Inflorecence

  Inflorecence

• Foliage and fruit

  Foliage and fruit

• Fruit

  Fruit

• Trunk

  Trunk

• Leaves, fruit and seed

  Leaves, fruit and seed

• Branch

  Branch

• Leaves

  Leaves

• Large buttresses

  Large buttresses

External links

• Шаблон:Commons category-inline
• View a map of recorded sightings of this species at the Australasian Virtual Herbarium
• See images of this species on Flickriver
• View observations of this species on iNaturalist