Английская Википедия:Elative (gradation)

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Other uses

In Semitic linguistics, the elative (Шаблон:Lang-ar Шаблон:Transl, literally meaning "noun of preference") is a stage of gradation that can be used to express comparatives or superlatives. The Arabic elative has a special inflection similar to that of colour and defect adjectives but differs in the details. To form an elative, the consonants of the adjective's root are placed in the transfix Шаблон:Transl (or Шаблон:Transl if the second and third root consonants are the same), which generally inflects for case but not for gender or number.[1] Furthermore, elatives belong to the diptote declension. E.g. Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Transl 'small' derives the elative Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Transl 'smaller', Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Transl 'new' derives Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Transl 'newer', Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Transl 'rich' (root Шаблон:Transl) derives Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Transl 'richer'.

However, there are several words that have particular feminine and plural forms when the elative is prefixed with the definite article,[2] although the agreement is not always observed in modern usage.[3] The feminine singular in such cases takes the transfix CuCCā, the masculine plural takes ’aCCaCūna or ’aCāCiC, and the feminine plural takes CuCCayāt or CuCaC. These feminine and plural forms had much more extensive use in ancient poetry.[4] E.g. The adjective Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Transl 'big' changes to Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Transl in the default elative, and then Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Transl in the feminine singular, Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Transl in the masculine plural and Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Transl in the feminine plural.

The adjectives Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Transl 'other' and Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Transl 'first' also take elative forms even though they do not have comparative meaning.

References

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nn:Elativ