Английская Википедия:Elbląg Canal
Elbląg Canal (Шаблон:IPA-pl; Шаблон:Lang-pl Шаблон:IPA-pl; Шаблон:Lang-de) is a canal in Poland, in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Шаблон:Convert in length, which runs southward from Lake Drużno (connected by the river Elbląg to the Vistula Lagoon), to the river Drwęca and lake Jeziorak. It can accommodate small vessels up to Шаблон:Convert displacement. The difference in water levels approaches Шаблон:Convert, and is overcome using locks and a system of inclined planes between lakes.
Today it is used mainly for recreational purposes. It is considered one of the most significant monuments related to the history of technology and was named one of the Seven Wonders of Poland.[1] The canal was also named one of Poland's official national Historic Monuments (Pomnik historii),[2] as designated January 28, 2011. Its listing is maintained by the National Heritage Board of Poland.
History
The canal was designed between 1825 and 1844 by Georg Steenke, carrying out the commission given by the King of Prussia. Construction began in 1844. The difference in height over a Шаблон:Convert section of the route between the lakes was too great for building traditional locks; an ingenious system of inclined planes based on those used on the Morris Canal was employed instead, though the canal includes a few locks as well. There were originally four inclined planes, with a fifth added later, replacing five wooden locks. Built under the name Oberländischer Kanal (Upland Canal) and situated in the Kingdom of Prussia, it was opened on the 29 October 1860.[3] Since 1945 the canal is now in Poland. After wartime damage was repaired, it was restored to operation in 1948 and is now used for tourism.
The canal underwent renovation between 2011 and 2015 and is now again open to navigation.
The inclined planes
The four original inclined planes are, in order from the summit level downwards, Buczyniec (Buchwalde) with a rise of Шаблон:Convert and a length of Шаблон:Convert, Kąty (Kanthen) with a rise of Шаблон:Convert and a length of Шаблон:Convert, Oleśnica (Schönfeld) with a rise of Шаблон:Convert and a length of Шаблон:Convert, and Jelenie (Hirschfeld) with a rise of Шаблон:Convert and a length of Шаблон:Convert.[4] The fifth incline is Całuny Nowe (Neu-Kussfeld) with a rise of Шаблон:Convert. It was built to replace five wooden locks close to Elbląg.[3][5] They were constructed from 1860 to 1880.
The canal worked independently of other waterways and as a result the boats were designed within the limits of the inclines. The boats had a maximum length of Шаблон:Convert, a maximum width of Шаблон:Convert and a maximum draught of Шаблон:Convert; they carried loads of about Шаблон:Convert.[3]
The inclines all consist of two parallel rail tracks with a gauge of Шаблон:Convert. Boats are carried on carriages that run on these rails. The inclines rise from the lower level of the canal to a summit and then down a second shorter incline to the upper canal level. The first part of the main incline and the short upper incline were both built at a gradient of 1:24 (4.2%). A carriage is lowered down the incline to counterbalance an upward moving carriage. Once the downward moving carriage has reached the summit and started down the main incline its weight helps pull up the upward moving carriage. This allowed the slope of the incline for this section to be built at a steeper gradient of 1:12 (8.3%).[3]
See also
- Augustów Canal, linking the river Vistula with the river Neman
- Big Chute Marine Railway also carries boats in an open carriage instead of a water filled caisson.
- Boat lift
- Ship lift of Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station
References
Further reading
External links
- Official webpage
- An Overland CanalШаблон:Dead link Some old photos of the lift from 1937
- Photo gallery of the canal
- A trip on the Elbląg Canal Шаблон:Webarchive described by Michael Palin
Шаблон:Coord Шаблон:Authority control
- ↑ Шаблон:In lang As per results of a plebiscite for the 'Seven Wonders of Poland' conducted by Rzeczpospolita (newspaper), cited at www.budowle.pl.
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
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