Английская Википедия:Eleanor Leacock

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox scientist Шаблон:Anthropology of kinship Eleanor Burke Leacock (JulyШаблон:Nbsp2, 1922Шаблон:SndAprilШаблон:Nbsp2, 1987) was an anthropologist and social theorist who made major contributions to the study of egalitarian societies, the evolution of the status of women in society, Marxism, and the feminist movement.

Early life and education

Leacock was born on JulyШаблон:Nbsp2, 1922, in Weehawken, New Jersey, the second of three daughters.Шаблон:Sfn Her mother, Lily Mary Battherham, was a mathematician who taught secondary school and her father was the literary critic and philosopher Kenneth Burke.Шаблон:Sfnm Leacock was raised between the family's apartment in Greenwich Village, New York and their northern New Jersey 150-acre farm, living half of the year in each place.Шаблон:Sfnm Living in a social circle that included artists, political radicals and intellectuals prompted into Leacock an ideal "to be scornful of materialist consumerism; to value—even revere—nature; to hate deeply the injustices of exploitation and racial discrimination...and to be committed to the importance of doing what one could to bring about a socialist transformation of society".Шаблон:Sfnm

Leacock attended New York public schools during her childhood until her teenage years, when she got a scholarship to the prestigious private high school Dalton School.Шаблон:Sfnm Also on scholarship, she started undergraduate courses in anthropology at Radcliffe College in 1939.Шаблон:Sfn At Radcliffe, she was introduced by Carleton S. Coon to the neo-evolutionary thought of V. Gordon Childe and C. Daryll Forde.Шаблон:Sfnm She also became involved in studying Lewis H. Morgan and Karl Marx and in radical student politics.Шаблон:Sfnm There she also met filmmaker Richard Leacock, whom she married in 1941.Шаблон:Sfn After curfew violations, Radcliffe authorities asked her to leave and she transferred to Barnard College in 1942.Шаблон:Sfn She studied under Gladys Reichard,Шаблон:Sfn graduating from Barnard in 1944 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in anthropology.Шаблон:Sfnm

Academic career

After receiving her graduate degree, Leacock traveled to Europe with her first husband while he was shooting films on human geography. It is during this time in Paris that she began researching the social changes in the fur trade amount the Montagnais-Naskapi people. In 1951 Leacock received a grant to conduct fieldwork in Labrador, Canada. During this time she brought her one-year-old son with her to Labrador. She used this fieldwork to challenge the idea that private property is universal.Шаблон:Sfn

She worked at Bank Street College of Education as a senior research associate, from 1958 to 1965,Шаблон:Sfn and at Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn in the social sciences department, from 1963 to 1972.Шаблон:Sfn She struggled to get a full-time job during the 1950s due to her outspoken political views.Шаблон:Sfn She taught as an adjunct for decades before being appointed, in 1972, as a professor and chair of anthropology at City College (CCNY) and graduate faculty of City University of New York Graduate Center.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Although highly qualified, Leacock credited her CCNY appointment to the rise of the women's movement and social pressure felt by City College to diversify its faculty.Шаблон:Sfn Her appointment coincided with the publication of her celebrated introduction to Friedrich Engels' The Origins of the Family, Private Property and the State. In that introduction, she cited contemporary research to further explicate Engels' theory that "the historic defeat of the female sex" and subjugation of women began with the stratification of society, the widespread practice of private property, and the emergence of a state.

It is not until 1971 that she does her next big fieldwork assignment in Zambia. During this time Zambia had not let many anthropologists into the country because of perceived colonist attitudes. This particular fieldwork aided Leacock in her research of the decolonization efforts in primary school education.Шаблон:Sfn

One of Leacock's most fruitful contributions to the field of anthropology was her essay entitled "Interpreting the Origins of Gender Inequality: Conceptual and Historical Problems" (1983), in which she discussed gender inequalities. Leacock's theories mainly concentrated on the relationships between race, class, gender, sexuality, and religion. And she refuted biological determinism as it relates to race, gender, and class. Leacock's work could be reflected in five areas: women's status in egalitarian societies, race, and gender in schools, culture of poverty studies, women's work in development, and the studies of race, class, and gender in Samoa. Arguing the roles of women in the hierarchical society, she claimed that some features of women become exploitable under the patriarchy system. Leacock interpreted the structure of marriage as the structure of exchange and the division of labor. The exploitation of women's labor within the household is the same.

Leacock's career involved four major regions: North America, Europe, Africa, and the Pacific. In these areas she studied various topics including the anthropology of education, women cross-culturally, foraging societies, etc.Шаблон:Sfn

Leacock died of a stroke on April 2, 1987, in Hawaii.

Works and publications

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

External links

Шаблон:Authority control

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

Источник — http://wikihandbk.com/ruwiki/index.php?title=Английская_Википедия:Eleanor_Leacock&oldid=14491010