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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:About Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox song "Eleanor Rigby" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles from their 1966 album Revolver. It was also issued on a double A-side single, paired with "Yellow Submarine". Credited to the Lennon–McCartney songwriting partnership, the song is one of only a few in which John Lennon and Paul McCartney later disputed primary authorship.[1] Eyewitness testimony from several independent sources, including George Martin and Pete Shotton, supports McCartney's claim to authorship.[2]

"Eleanor Rigby" continued the transformation of the Beatles from a mainly rock and roll- and pop-oriented act to a more experimental, studio-based band, with a double string quartet arrangement by George Martin and lyrics providing a narrative on loneliness. It broke sharply with popular music conventions, both musically and lyrically.Шаблон:Sfn The song topped singles charts in Australia, Belgium, Canada, and New Zealand.

Background and inspiration

Paul McCartney came up with the melody for "Eleanor Rigby" as he experimented on his piano.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Donovan recalled hearing McCartney play an early version of the song on guitar, where the character was named Ola Na Tungee. At this point, the song reflected an Indian musical influence and its lyrics alluded to drug use, with references to "blowing his mind in the dark" and "a pipe full of clay".Шаблон:Sfn

The name of the protagonist that McCartney initially chose was not Eleanor Rigby, but Miss Daisy Hawkins.Шаблон:Sfn In 1966, McCartney told Sunday Times journalist Hunter Davies how he got the idea for his song:

Шаблон:Blockquote

McCartney said that the idea to call his character "Eleanor" was possibly because of Eleanor Bron,Шаблон:Sfn[3] the actress who starred with the Beatles in their 1965 film Help!Шаблон:Sfn "Rigby" came from the name of a store in Bristol, Rigby & Evens Ltd.Шаблон:Sfn McCartney noticed the store while visiting his girlfriend of the time, actress Jane Asher, during her run in the Bristol Old Vic's production of The Happiest Days of Your Life in January 1966.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn He recalled in 1984: "I just liked the name. I was looking for a name that sounded natural. 'Eleanor Rigby' sounded natural."[3][4]Шаблон:Refn

In an October 2021 article in The New Yorker, McCartney wrote that his inspiration for "Eleanor Rigby" was an old lady who lived alone and whom he got to know very well. He would go shopping for her and sit in her kitchen listening to stories and her crystal radio set. McCartney said, "just hearing her stories enriched my soul and influenced the songs I would later write."[5]

Writing collaboration

McCartney wrote the melody and first verse alone, after which he presented the song to the Beatles when they were gathered in the music room of John Lennon's home at Kenwood.Шаблон:Sfn Lennon, George Harrison, Ringo Starr and Lennon's childhood friend Pete Shotton all listened to McCartney play his song through and contributed ideas.Шаблон:Sfn Harrison came up with the "Ah, look at all the lonely people" hook. Starr contributed the line "writing the words of a sermon that no one will hear" and suggested making "Father McCartney" darn his socks, which McCartney liked.Шаблон:Sfn It was then that Shotton suggested that McCartney change the name of the priest, in case listeners mistook the fictional character for McCartney's own father.Шаблон:Sfn

McCartney could not decide how to end the song, and Shotton suggested that the two lonely people come together too late as Father McKenzie conducts Eleanor Rigby's funeral. At the time, Lennon rejected the idea out of hand, but McCartney said nothing and used the idea, later acknowledging Shotton's help.Шаблон:Sfn In Lennon's recollection, the final touches were applied to the lyrics in the recording studio,Шаблон:Sfn at which point McCartney sought input from Neil Aspinall and Mal Evans, the Beatles' longstanding road managers.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

"Eleanor Rigby" serves as a rare example of Lennon subsequently claiming a more substantial role in the creation of a McCartney composition than is supported by others' recollections.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn In the early 1970s, Lennon told music journalist Alan Smith that he wrote "about 70 per cent" of the lyrics,Шаблон:Sfn[6] and in a letter to Melody Maker complaining about Beatles producer George Martin's comments in a recent interview, he said that "Around 50 per cent of the lyrics were written by me at the studios and at Paul's place."Шаблон:Sfn In 1980, he recalled writing almost everything but the first verse.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Shotton remembered Lennon's contribution as being "virtually nil",Шаблон:Sfn while McCartney said that "John helped me on a few words but I'd put it down 80–20 to me, something like that."Шаблон:Sfn According to McCartney, "In My Life" and "Eleanor Rigby" are the only Lennon–McCartney songs where he and Lennon disagreed over their authorship.Шаблон:Sfn

In musicologist Walter Everett's view, the lyric writing "likely was a group effort".Шаблон:Sfn Historiographer Erin Torkelson Weber says that, from all the available accounts, McCartney was the principal author of the song and only Lennon's post-1970 recollections contradict this.[7]Шаблон:Refn In the same 1980 interview, Lennon expressed his resentment at the way McCartney had sought their bandmates' and friends' creative input, rather than collaborate with Lennon directly. Lennon added, "That's the kind of insensitivity he would have, which upset me in later years."Шаблон:Sfn In addition to citing this emotional hurt, Weber suggests that the song's critical acclaim may have motivated Lennon's assertions, as he sought to portray himself as a greater musical genius than McCartney in the years following the Beatles' break-up.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Refn

Composition

Music

The song is a prominent example of mode mixture, [8] specifically between the Aeolian mode, also known as natural minor, and the Dorian mode, a minor scale except with a major sixth scale degree. Set in E minor, the song is based on the chord progression Em–C, typical of the Aeolian mode and utilising notes ♭3, ♭6, and Шаблон:Music7 in this scale. The verse melody is written in Dorian mode.Шаблон:Sfn "Eleanor Rigby" opens with a C-major vocal harmony ("Aah, look at all ..."), before shifting to E-minor (on "lonely people"). The Aeolian C-natural note returns later in the verse on the word "dre-eam" (C–B) as the C chord resolves to the tonic Em, giving an urgency to the melody's mood.

The Dorian mode appears with the C# note (6 in the Em scale) at the beginning of the phrase "in the church". The chorus beginning "All the lonely people" involves the viola in a chromatic descent to the 5th; from 7 (D natural on "All the lonely peo-") to 6 (CШаблон:Music on "-ple") to Шаблон:Music6 (C on "they) to 5 (B on "from"). According to musicologist Dominic Pedler, this adds an "air of inevitability to the flow of the music (and perhaps to the plight of the characters in the song)".Шаблон:Sfn

Lyrics

Шаблон:Quote box The lyrics represent a departure from McCartney's previous songs, in their avoidance of first- and second-person pronouns and by diverging from the themes of a standard love song.Шаблон:Sfn The narrator takes the form of a detached onlooker, akin to a novelist or screenwriter. Beatles biographer Steve Turner says that this new approach reflects the likely influence of Ray Davies of the Kinks, specifically the latter's singles "A Well Respected Man" and "Dedicated Follower of Fashion".Шаблон:Sfn

Author Howard Sounes compares the song's narrative to "the isolated broken figures" typical of a Samuel Beckett play, as Rigby dies alone, no mourners attend her funeral, and the priest "seems to have lost his congregation and faith".Шаблон:Sfn In Everett's view, McCartney's description of Rigby and McKenzie elevates individuals' loneliness and wasted lives to a universal level in the manner of Lennon's autobiographical "Nowhere Man". Everett adds that McCartney's imagery is "vivid and yet common enough to elicit enormous compassion for these lost souls".Шаблон:Sfn

Recording

Шаблон:Listen "Eleanor Rigby" does not have a standard pop backing. None of the Beatles played instruments on it, although Lennon and Harrison did contribute harmony vocals.Шаблон:Sfn Like the earlier song "Yesterday", "Eleanor Rigby" employs a classical string ensemble – in this case, an octet of studio musicians, comprising four violins, two violas and two cellos, all performing a score composed by George Martin.Шаблон:Sfn When writing the string arrangement, Martin drew inspiration from Bernard Herrmann's work,Шаблон:Sfn particularly the latter's score for the 1960 film Psycho.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Refn

Whereas "Yesterday" is played legato, "Eleanor Rigby" is played mainly in staccato chords with melodic embellishments. McCartney, reluctant to repeat what he had done on "Yesterday", explicitly expressed that he did not want the strings to sound too cloying. For the most part, the instruments "double up" – that is, they serve as a single string quartet but with two instruments playing each of the four parts. Microphones were placed close to the instruments to produce a more biting and raw sound. Engineer Geoff Emerick was admonished by the string players saying "You're not supposed to do that." Fearing such close proximity to their instruments would expose the slightest deficiencies in their technique, the players kept moving their chairs away from the microphonesШаблон:Sfn until Martin got on the talk-back system and scolded: "Stop moving the chairs!" Martin recorded two versions, one with vibrato and one without, the latter of which was used. Lennon recalled in 1980 that "Eleanor Rigby" was "Paul's baby, and I helped with the education of the child ... The violin backing was Paul's idea. Jane Asher had turned him on to Vivaldi, and it was very good."Шаблон:Sfn

The octet was recorded on 28 April 1966, in Studio 2 at EMI Studios. The track was completed in Studio 3 on 29 April and on 6 June. Take 15 was selected as the master.Шаблон:Sfn The final overdub, on 6 June, was McCartney's addition of the "Ah, look at all the lonely people" refrain over the song's final chorus. This was requested by Martin,Шаблон:Sfn who said he came up with the idea of the line working contrapuntally to the chorus melody.[9]

The original stereo mix had the lead vocal alone in the right channel during the verses, with the strings mixed to one channel, while the mono single and mono LP featured a more balanced mix. For the track's inclusion on Yellow Submarine Songtrack in 1999, a new stereo mix was created that centres McCartney's voice and spreads the string octet across the stereo image.Шаблон:Sfn

Release

On 5 August 1966, "Eleanor Rigby" was simultaneously released on a double A-side single, paired with "Yellow Submarine",Шаблон:Sfn and on the album Revolver.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn In the LP sequencing, it appeared as the second track, between Harrison's "Taxman" and Lennon's "I'm Only Sleeping".Шаблон:Sfn The Beatles thereby broke with their policy of ensuring that album tracks were not issued on their UK singles.Шаблон:Sfn According to a report in Melody Maker, the reason for this was to thwart sales of cover recordings of "Eleanor Rigby".Шаблон:Sfn Harrison confirmed that they expected "dozens" of artists to have a hit with the song;Шаблон:Sfn however, he also said the track would "probably only appeal to Ray Davies types".Шаблон:Sfn Writing in the 1970s, music critics Roy Carr and Tony Tyler described the motivation behind the single as a "growing dodge in the ever-innovative music industry", building on UK record companies' policy of reissuing an album's most popular tracks, particularly those that had been culled for release as a single in the US, on a spin-off extended play.Шаблон:Sfn

The pairing of a ballad devoid of any instrumentation played by a Beatle and a novelty song marked a significant departure from the content of the band's previous singles.[10]Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Refn Writing in his 1977 book The Beatles Forever, Nicholas Schaffner recalled that not only did the two sides have little in common with one another, but "'Yellow Submarine' was the most flippant and outrageous piece the Beatles would ever produce, [and] 'Eleanor Rigby' remains the most relentlessly tragic song the group attempted."Шаблон:Sfn Unusually for their post-1965 singles also, the Beatles did not make a promotional film for either of the songs.Шаблон:Sfn Music historian David Simonelli groups "Eleanor Rigby" with "Taxman" and the band's May 1966 single tracks "Paperback Writer" and "Rain" as examples of the Beatles' "pointed social commentary" that consolidated their "dominance of London's social scene".Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Refn

In the United States, the record's release coincided with the group's final tourШаблон:Sfn and a public furore over the publication of Lennon's remarks that the Beatles had become "more popular than Jesus Christ";Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn he also predicted the downfall of ChristianityШаблон:Sfn and described Christ's disciples as "thick and ordinary".Шаблон:Sfn In the US South, particularly, some radio stations refused to play the band's music and organised public bonfires to burn Beatles records and memorabilia.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Capitol Records were therefore wary of the religious references in "Eleanor Rigby" and promoted "Yellow Submarine" as the lead side.Шаблон:Sfn During the band's first tour press conference, on 11 August, one reporter suggested that Father McKenzie's sermons going unheard referred to the decline of religion in society. McCartney replied that the song was about lonely individuals, one of whom happened to be a priest.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Refn

The double A-side topped the Record Retailer chart (subsequently adopted as the UK Singles Chart) for four weeks,Шаблон:Sfn becoming their eleventh number-one single on the chart,[11] and Melody MakerШаблон:'s chart for three weeks.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn It was also number 1 in Australia.Шаблон:Sfn The single topped charts in many other countries around the world,Шаблон:Sfn although "Yellow Submarine" was usually the listed side.Шаблон:Sfn In the US, disc jockeys began flipping the single midway through the tour as the radio boycotts were lifted.Шаблон:Sfn With each song eligible to chart separately there, "Eleanor Rigby" entered the Billboard Hot 100 in late AugustШаблон:Sfn and peaked at number 11 for two weeks,Шаблон:Sfn and "Yellow Submarine" reached number 2.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Refn

Critical reception

Шаблон:Quote box In Melody MakerШаблон:'s appraisal of Revolver, the writer described "Eleanor Rigby" as a "charming song" and one of the album's best tracks.[12] Derek Johnson, reviewing the single for the NME, said it lacked the immediate appeal of "Yellow Submarine" but "possess[ed] lasting value" and was "beautifully handled by Paul, with baroque-type strings".Шаблон:Sfn Although he praised the string arrangement, Peter Jones of Record Mirror found the song "Pleasant enough but rather disjointed", saying, "it's commercial, but I like more meat from the Beatles."[13] Ray Davies offered an unfavourable viewШаблон:Sfn when invited to give a song-by-song rundown of Revolver in Disc and Music Echo.Шаблон:Sfn He dismissed "Eleanor Rigby" as a song designed "to please music teachers in primary schools",Шаблон:Sfn adding: "I can imagine John saying, 'I'm going to write this for my old schoolmistress.' Still it's very commercial."[14]

Reporting from London for The Village Voice, Richard Goldstein stated that Revolver was ubiquitous around the city, as if Londoners were uniting behind the Beatles in response to the antagonism shown towards the band in the US. He wrote: "As a commentary on the state of modern religion, this song will hardly be appreciated by those who see John Lennon as an anti-Christ. But 'Eleanor Rigby' is really about the unloved and un-cared-for."[15] Commenting on the lyrics, Edward Greenfield of The Guardian wrote, "There you have a quality rare in pop music, compassion, born of an artist's ability to project himself into other situations." He found this "Specific understanding of emotion" evident also in McCartney's new love songs and described him as "the Beatle with the strongest musical staying power".[16] While bemoaning that Americans' attention was overly focused on the band's image and non-musical activities, KRLA BeatШаблон:'s album reviewer predicted that "Eleanor Rigby" would "become a contemporary classic", adding that, aside from the quality of the string arrangement, "the haunting melody is one of the most beautiful to be found in our current pop music" and the lyrics "[are] both accurate and unforgettable".[17] Cash Box found the single's pairing "unique" and described "Eleanor Rigby" as "a powerfully arranged, haunting story of sorrow and frustration".[18]

The NME chose "Eleanor Rigby" as its "Single of the Year" for 1966.Шаблон:Sfn Melody Maker included the song among the year's five "singles to remember", and Maureen Cleave of The Evening Standard recognised the single and Revolver as the year's best records in her round-up of 1966.Шаблон:Sfn At the 9th Annual Grammy Awards in March 1967, "Eleanor Rigby" was nominated in three categories,Шаблон:Sfn winning the award for Best Contemporary (R&R) Vocal Performance, Male or Female for McCartney.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Refn

In 2002, the 1966 Capitol Records recording of "Eleanor Rigby" by The Beatles was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.[19]

Appearance in Yellow Submarine film and subsequent releases

"Eleanor Rigby" appears in the Beatles' 1968 animated film Yellow Submarine as the band's submarine drifts over the desolate streets of Liverpool.Шаблон:Sfn Its poignancy ties in quite well with Starr (the first member of the group to encounter the submarine), who is represented as quietly bored and depressed. Starr's character states in his inner thoughts: "Compared with my life, Eleanor Rigby's was a gay, mad whirl."Шаблон:Citation needed Media theorist Stephanie Fremaux groups the song with "Only a Northern Song" and "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" as a scene that most clearly conveys the Beatles' "aims as musicians". In her description, the segment depicts "moments of color and hope in a land of conformity and loneliness".Шаблон:Sfn With special effects directed by Charlie Jenkins, the animation incorporates photographs of silhouetted people; bankers with bowler hats and umbrellas are seen on rooftops, overlooking the streets.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Refn

The track also appears on several of the band's greatest-hits compilations, including A Collection of Beatles Oldies, The Beatles 1962–1966 and 1.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn In 1986, "Yellow Submarine" / "Eleanor Rigby" was reissued in the UK as part of EMI's twentieth anniversary of each of the Beatles' singles and peaked at number 63 on the UK Singles Chart.Шаблон:Sfn The 2015 edition of 1 and the expanded 1+ box set includes a video clip for the song, taken from the Yellow Submarine film.[20]

In 1996, a stereo remix of Martin's isolated string arrangement was released on the Beatles' Anthology 2 outtakes compilation.Шаблон:Sfn For the song's inclusion on the Love album in 2006, a new mix was created that adds a strings-only portion at the start of the track and closes with a transition featuring part of Lennon's acoustic guitar from the 1968 song "Julia".Шаблон:Sfn

The real-life Eleanor Rigby

Файл:Rigby.jpg
The gravestone of Eleanor Rigby (1895–1939) in St Peter's Parish Church, Woolton

McCartney's recollection of how he chose the name of his protagonist came under scrutiny in the 1980s, after a headstone engraved with the name "Eleanor Rigby" was discovered in the graveyard of St Peter's Parish Church in Woolton, in Liverpool.Шаблон:Sfn[21] Part of a well-known local family,Шаблон:Sfn Rigby had died in 1939 at the age of 44.Шаблон:Sfn Close by was a headstone bearing the name McKenzie.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn St Peter's was where Lennon attended Sunday school as a boy,Шаблон:Sfn and he and McCartney first met at the church fete there in July 1957.Шаблон:Sfn McCartney has said that while he often walked through the churchyard, he had no recollection of ever seeing Rigby's grave.Шаблон:Sfn He attributed the coincidence to a product of his subconscious.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn McCartney has also dismissed claims by people who, because of their name and a tenuous association with the Beatles, believed they were the real Father McKenzie.Шаблон:Sfn

In 1990, McCartney responded to a request from Sunbeams Music Trust by donating a historical document that listed the wages paid by Liverpool City Hospital; among the employees listed was Eleanor Rigby, who worked as a scullery maid at the hospital.[22][23] Dating from 1911 and signed by the 16-year-old Rigby,[21] the document attracted interest from collectors because of what it seemingly revealed about the inspiration behind the Beatles song.[23] It sold at auction in November 2008 for £115,000. McCartney stated at the time: "Eleanor Rigby is a totally fictitious character that I made up ... If someone wants to spend money buying a document to prove a fictitious character exists, that's fine with me."[22]

Rigby's grave in Woolton became a landmark for Beatles fans visiting Liverpool.[4][24] A digitised image of the headstone was added to the 1995 music video for the Beatles' reunion song "Free as a Bird".Шаблон:Sfn Continued interest in a possible connection between the real-life Eleanor Rigby and the 1966 song led to the deeds for the grave being put up for auction in 2017,[4][24] along with a Bible that once belonged to Rigby and a handwritten score for the track (subsequently withdrawn) and other items of Beatles memorabilia.[25]

Legacy

Sociocultural impact and literary appreciation

Файл:EleanorRigbyStatue.jpg
Eleanor Rigby statue by Tommy Steele on Stanley Street, Liverpool.

Although "Eleanor Rigby" was far from the first popular song to deal with death and loneliness, according to Ian MacDonald it "came as quite a shock to pop listeners in 1966".Шаблон:Sfn It took a bleak message of depression and desolation, written by a famous pop group, with a sombre, almost funeral-like backing, to the number one spot of the pop charts.Шаблон:Sfn Richie Unterberger of AllMusic cites the song's focus on "the neglected concerns and fates of the elderly" as "just one example of why the Beatles' appeal reached so far beyond the traditional rock audience".[10]

In its inclusion of compositions that departed from the format of standard love songs, Revolver marked the start of a change in the Beatles' core audience, as their young, female-dominated fanbase gave way to a following that increasingly comprised more serious-minded, male listeners.Шаблон:Sfn Commenting on the preponderance of young people who, under the influence of drugs such as marijuana and LSD, increasingly afforded films and rock music exhaustive analysis, Mark Kurlansky writes: "Beatles songs were examined like Tennyson's poems. Who was Eleanor Rigby?"Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Refn

The song's lyrics became the subject of study by sociologists, who from 1966 began to view the band as spokesmen for their generation.Шаблон:Sfn In 2018, Colin Campbell, professor of sociology at the University of York, published a book-length analysis of the lyrics, titled The Continuing Story of Eleanor Rigby.Шаблон:Sfn Writing in the 1970s, however, Roy Carr and Tony Tyler dismissed the song's sociological relevance as academics "rear[ing] a mis-shapen skull", adding: "Though much praised at the time (by sociologists), 'Eleanor Rigby' was sentimental, melodramatic and a blind alley."Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Refn

According to author and satirist Craig Brown, the lyrics to "Eleanor Rigby" have been "the most extravagantly praised" of all the Beatles' songs, "and by all the right people".Шаблон:Sfn These include poets such as Allen Ginsberg and Thom Gunn, the last of whom likened the song to W.H. Auden's poem "Miss Gee", and literary critic Karl Miller, who included the lyrics in his 1968 anthology Writing in England Today.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Refn

In his 1970 book Revolt in Style, Liverpudlian musician and critic George Melly admired the "imaginative truth of 'Eleanor Rigby'", likening it to author James Joyce's treatment of his own hometown in Dubliners.Шаблон:Sfn Novelist and poet A.S. Byatt recognised the song as having the "minimalist perfection" of a Samuel Beckett story.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn In a talk on BBC Radio 3 in 1993, Byatt said that "Wearing a face that she keeps in a jar by the door" – a line that MacDonald deems "the single most memorable image in The Beatles' output" – conveys a level of despair unacceptable to English middle-class sensibilities and, rather than being a reference to make-up, suggests that Rigby "is faceless, is nothing" once alone in her home.Шаблон:Sfn

In 1982, the Eleanor Rigby statue was unveiled on Stanley Street in Liverpool as a donation from Tommy Steele in tribute to the Beatles. The plaque carries a dedication to "All the Lonely People".Шаблон:Sfn

In 2004, Revolver appeared second in The ObserverШаблон:'s list of "The 100 Greatest British Albums", compiled by a panel of 100 contributors.Шаблон:Sfn In his commentary for the newspaper, John Harris highlighted "Eleanor Rigby" as arguably the album's "single greatest achievement", saying that it "perfectly evokes an England of bomb sites and spinsters, where in the darkest moments it does indeed seem that 'no one was saved'". Harris concluded: "Most pop songwriters have always wrapped up Englishness in camp and irony – here, in a rare moment for British rock, post-war Britain is portrayed in terms of its truly grave aspects."[26]

Musical influence and further recognition

David Simonelli cites the chamber-orchestrated "Eleanor Rigby" as an example of the Beatles' influence being such that, whatever the style of song, their progressiveness defined the parameters of rock music.Шаблон:Sfn Music academics Michael Campbell and James Brody highlight the track's melodic shape and imaginative backing to illustrate how, paired with similarly synergistic elements in "A Day in the Life", the Beatles' use of music and lyrics made them one of the two acts in 1960s rock, along with Bob Dylan, who were "most responsible for elevating its level of discourse and expanding its horizons".Шаблон:Sfn

Soon after its release, Melly stated that "Pop has come of age" with "Eleanor Rigby", while songwriter Jerry Leiber said, "I don't think there's ever been a better song written."Шаблон:Sfn In a 1967 interview, Pete Townshend of the Who commented on the Beatles: "They are basically my main source of inspiration – and everyone else's for that matter. I think 'Eleanor Rigby' was a very important musical move forward. It certainly inspired me to write and listen to things in that vein."[27] In his television show Inside Pop: The Rock Revolution, which aired in April 1967, American composer and conductor Leonard Bernstein championed the Beatles' talents among contemporary pop acts and highlighted the song's string arrangement as an example of the eclectic qualities that made 1960s pop music worthy of recognition as art.Шаблон:Sfn Barry Gibb of the Bee Gees said that their 1969 song "Melody Fair" was influenced by "Eleanor Rigby".[28] America's single "Lonely People" was written by Dan Peek in 1973 as an optimistic response to the Beatles track.Шаблон:Citation needed

In 2000, Mojo ranked "Eleanor Rigby" at number 19 on the magazine's list of "The 100 Greatest Songs of All Time".Шаблон:Sfn In BBC Radio 2's millennium poll, listeners voted it as one of the top 100 songs of the twentieth century.Шаблон:Sfn It was ranked at number 137 on Rolling StoneШаблон:'s list "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time" in 2004,[29] and number 243 on the 2021 revised list.[30] "Eleanor Rigby" was inducted into the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences' Grammy Hall of Fame in 2002.Шаблон:Sfn It has been a Desert Island Discs selection by individuals such as Cathy Berberian, Charles Aznavour, Patricia Hayes, Carlos Frank and Geoffrey Howe.Шаблон:Sfn Similarly, Marshall Crenshaw named it to a list of ten songs that represent perfect songwriting.[31]

Other versions

Шаблон:Further By the mid-2000s, over 200 cover versions of "Eleanor Rigby" had been made.Шаблон:Sfn George Martin included the song on his November 1966 album George Martin Instrumentally Salutes "The Beatle Girls",Шаблон:Sfn one of a series of interpretive works by the band's producer designed to appeal to the easy listening market.Шаблон:Sfn

The song was also popular with soul artists seeking to widen their stylistic range.Шаблон:Sfn Ray Charles recorded a version that was released as a single in 1968Шаблон:Sfn and peaked at number 35 on the Billboard Hot 100[32] and number 36 in the UK.[33] Lennon highlighted it as a "fantastic" cover.[6] Aretha Franklin's version of "Eleanor Rigby" charted at number 17 on the Billboard Hot 100 in December 1969.[34] Music journalist Chris Ingham recognises the Charles and Franklin recordings as notable progressive soul interpretations of the song.Шаблон:Sfn

McCartney recorded a new version of "Eleanor Rigby", with Martin again scoring the orchestration,Шаблон:Sfn for his 1984 film Give My Regards to Broad Street.Шаблон:Sfn Departing from the premise of the film, the song's sequence features McCartney dressed in Victorian costume.Шаблон:Sfn On the accompanying soundtrack album, the track segues into a symphonic extension titled "Eleanor's Dream".Шаблон:Sfn He has also performed the song frequently in concert, starting with his 1989–90 world tour.Шаблон:Sfn

In 2021, composer Cody Fry arranged recordings submitted by 400 musicians into an orchestral cover of "Eleanor Rigby".[35] It was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Arrangement, Instrumental and Vocals at the 64th Annual Grammy Awards.[36]

Personnel

According to Ian MacDonald:Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Div col The Beatles

Additional musicians

Шаблон:Div col end

Charts

Шаблон:Col-begin Шаблон:Col-2

Weekly charts

Chart (1966–67) Peak
position
Australian Go-Set National Top 40[37] 1
Belgian Walloon Singles[38] 1
Canadian RPM Top Singles[39] 1
Finland (Suomen virallinen lista)[40] 6
New Zealand Listener Chart[41] 1
UK Record Retailer Chart[42] 1
US Billboard Hot 100[43] 11
US Cash Box Top 100[44] 12
Chart (1986) Peak
position
UK Singles ChartШаблон:Sfn 63

Шаблон:Col-2

Year-end charts

Chart (1966) Position
UK Record Retailer Chart[45] 3

Шаблон:Col-end

Certifications

Шаблон:Certification Table Top Шаблон:Certification Table Entry Шаблон:Certification Table Bottom

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Sources

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

External links

Шаблон:Wikiquote

Шаблон:Revolver Шаблон:The Beatles singles Шаблон:Aretha Franklin

Шаблон:Authority control

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
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Разное

  1. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb: "One of the rare songs in which Шаблон:Em authorship is disputed is 'Eleanor Rigby'Шаблон:Nbsp..."
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb: "...Шаблон:Nbsp[T]here is eyewitness testimony from at least four separate and independent sources, [including Martin, William Burroughs, Donovan and Shotton,] all of whom support McCartney's claim to authorship."
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 Шаблон:Cite magazine
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ 10,0 10,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine Available at Rock's Backpages (subscription required).
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news Available at Rock's Backpages (subscription required).
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  21. ↑ 21,0 21,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  22. ↑ 22,0 22,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  23. ↑ 23,0 23,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  24. ↑ 24,0 24,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  25. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  27. ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
  28. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  29. ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
  30. ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
  31. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  32. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  33. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  34. ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
  35. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  36. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  37. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  38. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  39. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  40. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  41. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  42. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  43. ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
  44. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  45. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
Источник — http://wikihandbk.com/ruwiki/index.php?title=Английская_Википедия:Eleanor_Rigby&oldid=14491154