Английская Википедия:Election commission
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:About Шаблон:More citations needed Шаблон:Politics sidebar An election commission is a body charged with overseeing the implementation of electioneering process of any country. The formal names of election commissions vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and may be styled an electoral commission,[1] a central[2] or state election commission,[3] or an election board,[4] an electoral council[5] or an electoral court.[6] Election commissions can be independent, mixed, judicial or executive. They may also be responsible for electoral boundary delimitation. In federations there may be a separate body for each subnational government. An election commission has a duty to ensure elections are conducted in an orderly mannerШаблон:According to whom.
Electoral models
Independent model
In the independent model the election commission is independent of the executive and manages its own budget. Countries with an independent election commission include Australia, Bangladesh, Canada, India, Jordan, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, South Africa, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Thailand and the United Kingdom. In some of these countries the independence of the election commission is constitutionally guaranteed e.g. section 190 of the Constitution of South Africa.
Branch model
In the branch model the election commission is often called an electoral branch, and is usually a constitutionally-recognized separate branch of government, with its members appointed by either the executive or the legislative branch. Countries with an electoral branch include Bolivia, Costa Rica, Panama, Nicaragua and Venezuela.
Mixed model
In the mixed-model there is an independent board to determine policy, but implementation is usually a matter for an executive department with varying degrees of supervision by the independent board. Countries with such a model include Cameroon, France, Germany, Japan, Senegal and Spain.
Executive model
In the executive model the election commission is directed by a cabinet minister as part of the executive branch of government, and may include local government authorities acting as agents of the central body. Countries with this model include Denmark, Singapore, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia.
In the United States, elections for federal, state, and local offices are run by the executive branch of each state government.[7]
Judicial model
In the judicial model the election commission is closely supervised by and ultimately responsible to a special "electoral court". Countries with such a model include Argentina, Brazil and Mexico.
List of election commissions
- Шаблон:Flag
- Independent Election Commission (defunct since 2021)
- Election Complaints Commission (defunct since 2021)
- Шаблон:Flag: Central Election Commission
- Шаблон:Flag
- Шаблон:Flag: Australian Electoral Commission[1]
- Шаблон:Flag: Election Commission
- Шаблон:Flag: Central Election Commission
- Шаблон:Flag: Elections and Boundaries Commission
- Шаблон:Flag
- Plurinational Electoral Organ (since 2010)
- National Electoral Court (defunct since 2010)
- Шаблон:Flag: Federal Public Service Interior
- Шаблон:Flag: Superior Electoral Court[6]
- Шаблон:Flag: National Election Committee
- Шаблон:Flag: Elections Canada
- Шаблон:Flag: Electoral Service
- Шаблон:Flag (excl. Hong Kong and Macau) Election Committees for Local People's Congress elections only
- Шаблон:Flag: National Electoral Council
- Шаблон:Flag: Supreme Electoral Court
- Шаблон:Flag: Шаблон:Ill
- Шаблон:Flag: Central Elections Office
- Шаблон:Flag: Independent National Electoral Commission
- Шаблон:Flag
- Шаблон:Flag: High Elections Committee
- Шаблон:Flag: National Election Board
- Шаблон:Flag: Electoral Commission
- Шаблон:Flag: Constitutional Council
- Шаблон:Flag: Federal Returning Officer
- Шаблон:Flag: Electoral Commission
- Шаблон:Flag: Elections Commission
- Шаблон:Flag: Provisional Electoral Council
- Шаблон:Flag: Electoral Affairs Commission
- Шаблон:Flag: National Electoral Commission
- Шаблон:Flag: Election Commission
- Шаблон:Flag: General Elections Commission
- Шаблон:Flag: Guardian Council
- Шаблон:Flag: Independent High Electoral Commission
- Шаблон:Flag: Electoral Commission
- Шаблон:Flag: Central Elections Committee
- Шаблон:Flag: Central Directorate for Electoral Services
- Шаблон:Flag: Central Election Management Council
- Шаблон:Flag: Independent Election Commission
- Шаблон:Flag: Central Election Commission
- Шаблон:Flag
- Interim Independent Electoral Commission (since 2008)
- Electoral Commission (defunct since 2008)
- Шаблон:Flag: Шаблон:Ill
- Шаблон:Flag: National Election Committee (Lao)
- Шаблон:Flag: National Elections Commission
- Шаблон:Flag: High National Election Commission
- Шаблон:Flag: Electoral Affairs Commission (Macau)
- Шаблон:Flag: Election Commission
- Шаблон:Flag: Electoral Commission[8]
- Шаблон:Flag
- Шаблон:Flag: Central Election Commission
- Шаблон:Flag Union Electoral Commission
- Шаблон:Flag: Election Commission
- Шаблон:Flag: Шаблон:Ill
- Шаблон:Flag: Electoral Commission
- Шаблон:Flag: Supreme Electoral Council
- Шаблон:Flag: Independent National Electoral Commission
- Шаблон:Flag: Central Election Committee (North Korea)[9]
- Шаблон:Flag: High Electoral Board
- Шаблон:Flag: Norwegian Directorate of Elections
- Шаблон:Flag: Election Commission
- Шаблон:Flag: Central Elections Commission
- Шаблон:Flag: Commission on Elections
- Once a winner is proclaimed, only these tribunals can rule on election matters
- Шаблон:Flag: Presidential Electoral Tribunal (entirely composed of the Supreme Court)
- Senate Electoral Tribunal
- House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal
- Regional Trial Courts for local officials
- Once a winner is proclaimed, only these tribunals can rule on election matters
- Шаблон:Flag: National Electoral Commission
- Шаблон:Flag: Шаблон:Ill
- Шаблон:Flag: Central Election Commission
- Шаблон:Flag: Elections Department
- Шаблон:Flag: State Election Commission (Državna volilna komisija)
- Шаблон:Flag: National Electoral Commission
- Шаблон:Flag: Independent Electoral Commission
- Шаблон:Flag: National Election Commission
- Шаблон:Flag: Junta Electoral Central
- Шаблон:Flag: Election Commission of Sri Lanka
- Шаблон:Flag: Election Authority
- Шаблон:Flag: Central Election Commission
- Шаблон:Flag: National Electoral Commission
- Шаблон:Flag: Election Commission
- Шаблон:Flag: Independent High Authority for Elections
- Шаблон:Flag: Supreme Electoral Council of Turkey[5]
- Шаблон:Flag: Central Election Commission
- Шаблон:Flag: Electoral Commission
- Шаблон:Flag
- Election Assistance Commission, serves as a national clearinghouse and resource regarding election administration, establishes best practices, and provides financial aid to state electoral systems.
- Federal Election Commission, regulates campaign finance legislation
- Electoral Commission, a special commission for the 1876 presidential election
- Шаблон:Flag: Florida Election Commission
- Шаблон:Flag: Hawaii Elections Commission[10]
- Шаблон:Flag: Illinois State Board of Elections[11]
- Шаблон:Flag: Maryland State Board of Elections[12]
- Шаблон:Flag: New York State Board of Elections[13]
- Шаблон:Flag: North Carolina State Board of Elections & Ethics Enforcement[14]
- Шаблон:Flag: Oklahoma State Election Board[4]
- Шаблон:Flag: State Elections Commission
- Шаблон:Flag: South Carolina State Election Commission[3]
- Шаблон:Flag: Virginia State Board of Elections[15]
- Шаблон:Flag: Wisconsin Elections Commission[16]
- Шаблон:Flag: Electoral Court
- Шаблон:Flag: National Electoral Council
- Шаблон:Flag: National Election Council (Vietnam)
- Шаблон:Flag: Electoral Commission
Election commissions in Africa
Шаблон:Original research section As of 2021, 53 out of 55 African nations (save for Eritrea and Somalia, which do not hold elections) use or have used election commissions to organize and supervise their elections. First introduced in the Sudan in 1957, election commissions were created across the continent especially after many African nations introduced a system of multi-party democracy in the early 1990s.[17]
See also
- Electoral college, a body which elects a candidate to a particular office.
- Association of Central and Eastern European Election Officials
- Association of African Election Authorities
- Court of Disputed Returns
References
External links
Шаблон:National election commissions Шаблон:Law Шаблон:Portal bar
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ 5,0 5,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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