Английская Википедия:Electoral cycle of Turkey

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Unreferenced Шаблон:Use dmy dates The Electoral cycle of Turkey is composed of three different types of elections, namely general elections every five years, local elections every five years and presidential elections every five years. Occasionally, referendums may be held if at least 360 Members of Parliament in the Grand National Assembly vote in favour of a constitutional amendment. Elections are overseen by the Supreme Electoral Council of Turkey.

Elections

Шаблон:Main A summary of the purpose of each type of election is as follows.

• General elections:
  • Parliamentary elections, in order to elect 600 Members of Parliament to the Grand National Assembly using the D'Hondt method, a party-list proportional representation system. Held every five years (last held: 14 May 2023; next one scheduled for 2028)
  • Presidential elections, in order to elect the President of Turkey using a two-round system. Held every five years (last held: 14-28 May 2023; next one scheduled for 2028)
• Local elections in order to elect metropolitan and municipal mayors, as well as provincial and municipal mayors councillors. Held every five years (last held: 31 March 2019, next one scheduled for 2024)
• Referendums, held if three-fifths (360) of the members of parliament vote in favour of a constitutional change that is then put to the electorate (last held: 16 April 2017)

Historical changes

The 2007 constitutional referendum brought about significant changes to the Turkish electoral system, lowering the parliamentary terms from five years to four. As a result, general elections are now held every four years rather than five. Furthermore, the constitutional changes adopted in the referendum made the President elected by direct ballot rather than indirectly within parliament as had previously been the case. Before 2014, presidential elections were held every seven years by MPs, but are now held directly every five years. The incumbent may seek re-election once for a maximum of two terms, whereas the term limit for previous presidents elected indirectly were capped at one term.

With 2017 referendum, Turkey adopted semi-presidential republic system. Parliamentary terms reverted into five years, prime ministry dissolved and MP numbers increased.

Electoral cycle since 1923

Turkish electoral cycle, 1923-1941
Election	Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap
General	width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	28 June 1923 CHP majority (single party)							width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	20 July 1927 CHP majority (single party)							width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	25 April 1931 CHP majority (single party)							width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	8 February 1935 CHP majority (single party)							width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	26 March 1939 CHP majority (single party)
Local															width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1930 CHP majority (single party)							width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1934 CHP majority (single party)							width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1938 CHP majority (single party)
Presidential	width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	29 October 1923 (indirect) Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (CHP)							width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1 November 1927 (indirect) Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (CHP)							width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	4 May 1931 (indirect) Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (CHP)							width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1 March 1935 (indirect) Atatürk (CHP)					width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	11 Nov 1938 (indirect) İ. İnönü (CHP)	width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	3 Apr 1939 (indirect) İsmet İnönü (CHP)

Turkish electoral cycle, 1942-1960
Election	Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap
General			width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	28 February 1943 CHP majority (single party)					width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	21 July 1946 CHP majority							width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	14 May 1950 DP majority							width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	2 May 1954 DP majority					width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	27 October 1957 DP majority
Local	width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1942 CHP majority (single party)							width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	26 May 1946 CHP majority							width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	13 Aug-15 Oct 1950 DP majority									width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	25 Sep-13 Nov 1955 DP majority
Presidential			width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	8 March 1943 (indirect) İsmet İnönü (CHP)					width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	5 August 1946 (indirect) İsmet İnönü (CHP)							width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	22 May 1950 (indirect) Celal Bayar (DP)							width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	14 May 1954 (indirect) Celal Bayar (DP)					width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1 November 1957 (indirect) Celal Bayar (DP)

Turkish electoral cycle, 1961-1979
Election	Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap
General	width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	15 October 1961 CHP-AP coalition							width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	10 October 1965 AP majority							width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	12 October 1969 AP majority							width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	14 October 1973 Indept.-AP-CGP coalition							width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	5 June 1977 CHP minority government
Local					width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	17 November 1963 AP victory									width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	2 June 1968 AP victory									width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	9 December 1973 CHP victory							width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	11 December 1977 CHP victory
Presidential	width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	29 October 1961 (indirect) Cemal Gürsel (independent)									width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	28 March 1966 (indirect) Cevdet Sunay (independent)													width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	6 April 1973 (indirect) Fahri Korutürk (independent)
Senate (A)	width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" rowspan="3"|	15 Oct 1961 AP lead													width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	2 June 1968 AP victory																	width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	7 June 1977 CHP victory
Senate (B)							width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color"|	5 June 1966 AP victory															width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	12 Oct 1975 CHP victory
Senate (C)	width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	7 June 1964 AP victory																	width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	14 Oct 1973 CHP victory											width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	14 Oct 1979 AP victory
Referendums		9 July 1961 Шаблон:Font color

Turkish electoral cycle, 1980-1998
Election	Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap
General							width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	6 November 1983 ANAP majority							width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	29 November 1987 ANAP majority							width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	20 October 1991 DYP-SHP coalition							width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	24 December 1995 ANAP-DYP coalition
Local									width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	25 March 1984 ANAP victory									width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	26 March 1989 SHP victory									width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	27 March 1994 DYP victory
Presidential	width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	12 March 1980-11 September 1980 (indirect) None (unsuccessful elections)																	width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	31 October 1989 (indirect) Turgut Özal (ANAP)													width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	16 May 1993 (indirect) Süleyman Demirel (DYP)
Referendums						7 November 1982 Шаблон:Font color										6 Sep 1987 Шаблон:Font color		25 September 1988 Шаблон:Font color

Turkish electoral cycle, 1999-2017
Election	Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap
General	width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	18 April 1999 DSP-MHP-ANAP coalition					width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	3 November 2002 AKP majority									width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	22 July 2007 AKP majority							width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	12 June 2011 AKP majority							width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	7 June 2015 Hung parliament 1 November 2015 AKP majority
Local	width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	18 April 1999 DSP victory									width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	28 March 2004 AKP victory									width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	29 March 2009 AKP victory									width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	30 March 2014 AKP victory
Presidential			width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	5 May 2000 (indirect) Ahmet Necdet Sezer (cross-party)													width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	28 August 2007 (indirect) Abdullah Gül (AKP)													width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	10 August 2014 Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (AKP)
Referendums																		21 October 2007 Шаблон:Font color						12 September 2010 Шаблон:Font color														16 April 2017 Шаблон:Font color

Turkish electoral cycle, 2018 onwards
Election	Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap		Шаблон:Nowrap
General	width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	24 June 2018 People's Alliance majority									width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	14 May 2023 People's Alliance majority									width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Next
Local			width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	31 March 2019 AKP victory									width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	31 March 2024									width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Next
Presidential	width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	24 June 2018 Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (AKP)									width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	14-28 May 2023 Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (AKP)									width=1px style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Next
Referendums