Английская Википедия:Electoral history of John Quincy Adams

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Файл:John Quincy Adams by GPA Healy, 1858.jpg

John Quincy Adams

American politician John Quincy Adams served as President of the United States (1825–1829) and United States Secretary of State (1817–1825). Prior to being president, he had served as United States Senator from Massachusetts (1803–1808) and had diplomatic experience as United States Minister to United Kingdom (1815–1817), Russia (1809–1814), Prussia (1797–1801) and the Netherlands (1794–1797). After losing the 1828 presidential election, he served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts for 17 years. He is the only American president to be elected to the House of Representatives after leaving office. Шаблон:Horizontal TOC

Early political career

Шаблон:John Quincy Adams series John Quincy Adams was appointed as United States Minister to the Netherlands and ambassador to the Netherlands by George Washington.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn He was also appointed as ambassador to Prussia by his father, John Adams.Шаблон:Sfn He was elected to the Massachusetts Senate in 1802. He ran for election for the United States House of Representatives from the Suffolk district, but narrowly lost the election. Soon, he resigned from the Massachusetts Senate on his election to the United States Senate from Massachusetts.

Subsequent positions (1808–1824)

After losing the senate election in 1808, he was appointed United States Minister to Russia, serving from 1809 to 1814, and then United States Minister to United Kingdom, serving from 1815 to 1817, by James Madison. He duly reported on Napoleon's failed invasion, and among various other events. He headed the Commission that negotiated the Treaty of Ghent in 1814, which ended the War of 1812 with Great Britain. He then served as Secretary of State under James Monroe from 1817 to 1825. As Secretary of State, his views about territorial expansion guided President Monroe's policies. His diplomacy with Spain led to the Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819. Monroe Doctrine reflected various of Adams's political views.

Presidential elections

1824

Шаблон:Main Immediately upon becoming Secretary of State, Adams emerged as one of Monroe's most likely successors for presidency. Since the Federalist Party had collapsed, all the major contenders for presidency were from Democratic-Republican party. His initial choice for vice presidential candidate was Andrew Jackson, but as the election approached, Jackson entered the race for president.Шаблон:Sfn Adams was nominated by Massachusetts legislature as presidential candidate.

Popular vote and electoral vote

Файл:ElectoralCollege1824.svg

Electoral college map for the 1824 United States presidential election.

The election of 1824 was the only election in American history in which no presidential candidate received a majority of the votes in the electoral college. Andrew Jackson received 99 electoral votes but was 32 votes short of the amount needed to reach a majority. He won the largest number of popular votes. William H. Crawford received 41 electoral votes, and Henry Clay received 37. Шаблон:Start U.S. presidential election box

Contingent election

Файл:House Election of 1825-v2.svg

Map of House of Representatives delegation votes

Since no candidate received a clear majority votes in electoral college, the responsibility for electing a new president devolved upon the U.S. House of Representatives, which held a contingent election on February 9, 1825. As prescribed in the 12th Amendment, the top three candidates in electoral college vote would be eligible to receive state delegation votes, and the remaining candidates would be eliminated, accordingly, Henry Clay was eliminated. Henry Clay, the Speaker of the House was highly influential. By contrast, Clay viewed Jackson as a dangerous demagogue, and he was unwilling to support Crawford due to the latter's health issues. Adams and Clay met before the contingent election, and Clay agreed to support Adams in the election. Thus, Adams was elected president on the first ballot.

1825 contingent presidential election vote distribution
Шаблон:Party shading/National Republican |States for Adams	Шаблон:Party shading/Jacksonian |States for Jackson	Шаблон:Party shading/Independent |States for Crawford
Connecticut Illinois Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Missouri New Hampshire New York Ohio Rhode Island Vermont	Alabama Indiana Mississippi New Jersey Pennsylvania South Carolina Tennessee	Delaware Georgia North Carolina Virginia
Шаблон:Party shading/National Republican |Total: 13 (54%)	Шаблон:Party shading/Jacksonian |Total: 7 (29%)	Шаблон:Party shading/Independent |Total: 4 (17%)

1828

Файл:ElectoralCollege1828.svg

Electoral college map for the 1828 United States presidential election.

The 1828 presidential election was a rematch between incumbent president Adams and Andrew Jackson. Adams had selected Richard Rush as his vice presidential running mate in the Anti-Jacksonian Party ticket. Andrew Jackson was nominated by Jacksonian Party ticket with John C. Calhoun as his running mate. Adams lost to Jackson in a landslide, and was able to win only those states which his father John Adams had won in the 1800 presidential election. Adams did not attend Jackson's inauguration, making him one of only four presidents who finished their terms but chose to skip the event.Шаблон:Start U.S. presidential ticket box Шаблон:U.S. presidential ticket box rowspan Шаблон:U.S. presidential ticket box vp subrow Шаблон:U.S. presidential ticket box row Шаблон:U.S. presidential ticket box other Шаблон:End U.S. presidential ticket box

House of Representatives elections

Adams contested his first election for House of Representatives in 1802, in which he narrowly lost to William Eustis. After his presidency, he contested the election for House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 11th congressional district. He won the election in a landslide, and wrote in his diary that "my election as President of the United States was not half so gratifying to my inmost soul. No election or appointment conferred upon me ever gave me so much pleasure." He was sworn in on December 5, 1831, and seven days later was appointed chairman of the Committee of Manufactures. He is the only President to be elected in House of Representatives after leaving office. He served nine post-presidential terms in Congress from 1830 until his death in 1848, usually voting in the minority. He supported the rechartering of the Bank of the United States, opposed the annexation of Texas and the war with Mexico.

Шаблон:Hatnote

1840

Файл:JQA Photo.tif (cropped).jpg

Adams in early 1840s

Speaker of the House of Representatives elections

Adams received votes in two Speaker of the House elections: in an 1834 intra-term election during the 23rd Congress and in a December 1835 election at the start of the 24th Congress.

June 1834

June 1834 election for speaker
Candidate	Votes per ballot
	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th	6th	7th	8th	9th	10th
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|Richard H. Wilde (Шаблон:Ushr)	64	64	59	49	37	24	16	11	11	11
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|James K. Polk (Шаблон:Ushr)	42	53	57	59	67	67	73	78	76	78
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|Joel B. Sutherland (Шаблон:Ushr)	34	30	26	25	16	16	10	9	4	2
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|John Bell (Шаблон:Ushr)	30	39	47	49	57	65	76	97	104	114
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|Jesse Speight (Шаблон:Ushr)	18	16	8	4	3	1	3	3	2	1
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|James M. Wayne (Шаблон:Ushr)	15	13	15	25	30	36	26	13	8	6
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|Lewis Williams (Шаблон:Ushr)	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|Edward Everett (Шаблон:Ushr)	3	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|Thomas Chilton (Шаблон:Ushr)	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|Henry Hubbard (Шаблон:Ushr)	2	1	1	2	1	0	0	0	0	0
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|Roger L. Gamble (Шаблон:Ushr)	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|John Gilmore (PA)	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|John Quincy Adams (Шаблон:Ushr)	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|Benjamin Hardin (Шаблон:Ushr)	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|Amos Lane (Шаблон:Ushr)	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|Thomas A. Marshall (Шаблон:Ushr)	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|William S. Archer (Шаблон:Ushr)	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|Davy Crockett (Шаблон:Ushr)	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|Richard Coulter (Шаблон:Ushr)	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
Blank	4	2	4	7	5	5	10	8	6	6
Total votes	220	223	219	221	217	216	214	219	211	218
Votes necessary	111	112	110	111	109	109	108	110	106	110

Notes and references

Books

• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book