Английская Википедия:Elizabeth, Princess Berkeley

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Elizabeth, Princess Berkeley, sometimes unofficially styled Margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach (née Lady Elizabeth Berkeley; Шаблон:Date—Шаблон:Date), previously Elizabeth Craven, Baroness Craven, of Hamstead Marshall, was an author and playwright, perhaps best known for her travelogues.

Life

Файл:View of the Margravine of Anspach's Brandenburgh House, published May 1, 1809, by Verner, Hood and Sharpe and W. Cooke. Drawn by S. Owen, engraved by W. Cooke.jpg
The Margravine of Anspach's Brandenburgh House, published May 1, 1809, drawn by S. Owen, engraved by W. Cooke.

Elizabeth Berkeley was born in Mayfair, London, the third child of the Augustus Berkeley, 4th Earl of Berkeley and his wife, Elizabeth Drax, daughter of Henry Drax and Elizabeth Ernle.

Biography

Her life was full of scandal: on Шаблон:Date, "much against her will at the age of sixteen,"[1] she was married to William Craven, 6th Baron Craven. After thirteen years of marriage, seven children, and affairs reported on both sides, the couple parted permanently in 1780.[2]Шаблон:Rp She had an affair with Charles Greville sometime in late 1783.[3]

Thereafter she lived in France and traveled extensively on the Continent.

For a number of years she maintained a romantic relationship with Charles Alexander, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach. During her years at the Ansbach court, Craven formed an amateur theatre at court, which counted the composer Maria Theresia von Ahlefeldt among its members.[4] The wife of Charles Alexander since 1754, Princess Frederica Caroline of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld died in Germany on Шаблон:Date, and William Craven died in Lausanne on Шаблон:Date. Craven and Alexander then married in Lisbon on Шаблон:Date and settled in England.

While the Margravine was snubbed by ladies mindful of their reputations, as well as by her new husband's cousin, King George III, and by Queen Marie-Antoinette when she visited France, the couple lived a full and opulent life in Hammersmith, London, and Benham Park at Speen in Berkshire.

Craven was never legally entitled to share her husband's German rank and title, though on Шаблон:Date, she was granted the morganatic title of "Princess (Fürstin) Berkeley" by the last Holy Roman Emperor, Francis II.Шаблон:R In fact, Charles Alexander, being the last of his cadet branch of the House of Hohenzollern, and childless, had exchanged his hereditary birthright to the appanages of Ansbach and Bayreuth for an annuity of 300,000 guilders from his pater familias, King Frederick William II of Prussia, a month after his second marriage. In England, however, the couple were usually known as the "Margrave and Margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach".Шаблон:R

After Charles Alexander's death at Benham Park in 1806, Craven moved to Naples. She died at Craven Villa in Posillipo and was buried in 1828 in the English Cemetery at Naples. Her links with the Hammersmith area are commemorated in the names of two roads in the area – Margravine Gardens and Margravine Road. There is a wall monument by Roubiliac to her in St Mary's Church, Scarborough.[5]

Her children were:[6]

Works

Early in her literary career she wrote a number of light farces, pantomimes, and fables, some of which were performed in London. She knew Samuel Johnson and James Boswell, and became a close friend of Horace Walpole, who published her early works.

Publications

Performances

Most of Craven's plays were produced as private theatricals at Brandenburgh House at Fulham. Three of them were produced on the professional stage:

  • The Miniature Picture ran four nights at Drury Lane beginning Wednesday 24 May 1780.
  • The Silver Tankard; or, The Point at Portsmouth (with music by Craven, Tommaso Giordani, and Samuel Arnold) began a six-performance run at the Haymarket Theatre on Wednesday 18 July 1781.
  • The Princess of Georgia played at Covent Garden on Friday 19 April 1799.[11]

Etexts

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

Further reading

External links

Шаблон:Authority control

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Шаблон:NHLE
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 7,3 7,4 7,5 7,6 7,7 7,8 "Craven, Elizabeth." The Women's Print History Project, 2019, Person ID 1168. Accessed 2022-08-27.
  8. ↑ Google Books
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  11. ↑ Franceschina, John. "Introduction to Elizabeth Berkeley Craven's The Georgian Princess." British Women Playwrights around 1800. 15 January 2001. Accessed 27 August 2022.
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
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