Английская Википедия:Elizabeth Alkin
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Good article Elizabeth Alkin (Шаблон:Circa 1600 – Шаблон:Circa 1655)Шаблон:Efn was a publisher, nurse and spy for the Parliamentarian forces during the English Civil War. Among the many derogatory names she was called by royalist sympathisers, that of Parliament Joan is one by which she is also commonly known.Шаблон:Sfn
Background and Civil War activities
Nothing is known of Alkin until 1645; because of comments of her age made later in life, her date of birth is taken to be around 1600.Шаблон:Sfn She was the wife of Francis Alkin, a spy for the Parliamentarians who was hanged early in the English Civil War by royalist forces for his activities.Шаблон:Sfn She was the mother of three children.Шаблон:Sfn
In 1645 Alkin was employed by the Earl of Essex and Sir William Waller, to be a spy for the Parliamentarians. She received a similar commission from Sir Thomas Fairfax two years later.Шаблон:Sfn Parliamentary records show that in 1645 she received payment from the Committee for the Advance of Money for uncovering the activities of George Mynnes, a Surrey-based iron merchant, who was supplying metal to the royalist forces.Шаблон:Sfn
In the seventeenth century, daily news was published in newsbooks which tended to be small eight-page publications, the forerunners of newspapers. They were usually sold on the street by what the historian Bob Clarke describes as "semi-destitute female hawkers, known as Mercury Women".Шаблон:Sfn Those publications supporting the royalist cause were closed down and the publishers prosecuted; Alkin became involved in uncovering those behind the publication. In 1648 the royalist newsbooks the Mercurius Melancholicus and the Parliament Kite both referred to her attempts to uncover them, and the following year the Mercurius Pragmaticus called her an "old Bitch" who could "smell out a Loyall-hearted man as soon as the best Blood-hound in the Army".Шаблон:Sfn
Although Alkin acted as one of the newsbook sellers, between 1650 and 1651 she published several short-lived newsbooks,Шаблон:Sfn including The Impartial Scout, The Moderne Intelligencer, Mercurius Anglicus (formerly a royalist title which she appropriated) and Mercurius Scoticus, or, The Royal Messenger.Шаблон:Sfn Clarke believes Alkin may have used formerly royalist titles, or royalist-sounding names to win the confidence of royalist sympathisers, and get them to reveal the location of illicit printers.Шаблон:Sfn The historian Marcus Nevitt disagrees, and argues that Alkin was "reappropriating Royalist titles for Parliamentarian consumption".Шаблон:Sfn In total she produced ten notebook issues of differing titles.[1]
One of those she uncovered was William Dugard, who ran four presses at the Merchant Taylors' School in London; Dugard was imprisoned in February 1650. The following year she was paid £10 for discovering the printers of Edward Hall's work Manus testium lingua testium, and received further recompense from the Committee for the Advance of Money for other, unknown services.Шаблон:Sfn
Post Civil War
In 1653, during the First Anglo-Dutch War, Alkin assisted Daniel Whistler in setting up a network of casualty reception stations in Portsmouth, Harwich and East Anglia. The stations treated both English and Dutch casualties.[2]
Alkin made financial claims from the state for her nursing, some of which were paid, although a petition of 1654 refers to her severe illness. The same letter stated that she had had to sell many of her possessions, including her bed. A petition for financial relief from May 1655 is the last recorded note on her, and it is presumed that she died soon afterwards.Шаблон:Sfn
Notes and references
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References
Sources
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